AAAI/ISMA PRACTICE TEST -
KINESIOLOGY, FLEXIBILITY, & NEURO-
PHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Proprioceptors - ANSWER-Internal sense receptors that are located around and in the
muscles, skin, ears, and joints, which respond to changes in position and movement of
the body.
Cutaneous Receptors - ANSWER-Sense deep pressure and very light touch, including
movement of the hairs on the skin. These proprioceptors provide a kinetic sense and
awareness of how the body is interacting with the surrounding environment.
Joint Receptors - ANSWER-Are located in the joints and surrounding ligaments. They
respond to stimuli producing sensations relating to position, velocity and acceleration
occurring at the joints. they provide information about the positioning of the joint,
velocity of the movement of joint, and acceleration and deceleration of segmental
movements.
Center of Gravity - ANSWER-An imaginary point around which the masses of the body
segments are balanced.
Stability - ANSWER-the extend to which it is difficult for a body to lose its balance.
Equilibrium - ANSWER-The state of a system whose motion is not being changed
(accelerated of decelerated) equal and opposite forces.
Musculotendinous Receptors - ANSWER-Are responsible for muscle control and
coordinate. Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles.
Golgi tendon organs - ANSWER-sensitive to the stretch of muscle tendon produced by
contraction of its associated muscle. (active stretch)
Muscle Spindles - ANSWER-located throughout a muscle, between and parallel to
individual muscle fibers. Because of this positioning, they are stretched when their
adjacent muscles are stretched. When the whole muscle is stretched, the stretch of the
muscle spindles causes a reflex contraction of their host muscle. The knee-jerk reflex is
an example.
KINESIOLOGY, FLEXIBILITY, & NEURO-
PHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Proprioceptors - ANSWER-Internal sense receptors that are located around and in the
muscles, skin, ears, and joints, which respond to changes in position and movement of
the body.
Cutaneous Receptors - ANSWER-Sense deep pressure and very light touch, including
movement of the hairs on the skin. These proprioceptors provide a kinetic sense and
awareness of how the body is interacting with the surrounding environment.
Joint Receptors - ANSWER-Are located in the joints and surrounding ligaments. They
respond to stimuli producing sensations relating to position, velocity and acceleration
occurring at the joints. they provide information about the positioning of the joint,
velocity of the movement of joint, and acceleration and deceleration of segmental
movements.
Center of Gravity - ANSWER-An imaginary point around which the masses of the body
segments are balanced.
Stability - ANSWER-the extend to which it is difficult for a body to lose its balance.
Equilibrium - ANSWER-The state of a system whose motion is not being changed
(accelerated of decelerated) equal and opposite forces.
Musculotendinous Receptors - ANSWER-Are responsible for muscle control and
coordinate. Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles.
Golgi tendon organs - ANSWER-sensitive to the stretch of muscle tendon produced by
contraction of its associated muscle. (active stretch)
Muscle Spindles - ANSWER-located throughout a muscle, between and parallel to
individual muscle fibers. Because of this positioning, they are stretched when their
adjacent muscles are stretched. When the whole muscle is stretched, the stretch of the
muscle spindles causes a reflex contraction of their host muscle. The knee-jerk reflex is
an example.
