MIP 300 Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

MIP 300 Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Aerobic Respiration Pathways - Answer️️ -1) Glycolysis 2) TCA Cycle (w/ Intermediate Step) 3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) -final electron acceptor is Oxygen Anaerobic Respiration Pathways - Answer️️ -1) Glycolysis 2) TCA Cycle (w/ Intermediate Step) 3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) -final electron acceptor is NOT Oxygen Fermentation Pathways - Answer️️ -1) Glycolysis 2) Fermentation Pathway -final electron acceptor is pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative What is ppg? - Answer️️ --Peptidoglycan, the main structure of the cell wall of a bacteria (NOT in eukaryotes or archaea) -Backbone of alternating NAG and NAM carbohydrates RNA Synthesis: AGGA - Answer️️ -AGGA is the Shine Dalgarno sequence, it is part of the leader sequence and allows the ribosome to align to RNA to translate protein AUG - Answer️️ --Start codon -Translation start site for mRNA ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS Saturday, September 7, 2024 6:58 PM Page | 2 -This translates to fMet protein-- BEFORE post translational modification, this is included in amino acid count. -It is NOT included when counting GTPs for bringing amino acids to tRNAs UAA, UAG, UGA - Answer️️ --Stop codon -Termination- translation stop site for mRNA -All codons after this point are part of the trailer sequence RNA Synthesis: -35 site - Answer️️ -5' TTGACA 3' -(35 nucleotide bases back from the +1 site, where transcription starts) -RNA polymerase RECONGNITION site -part of the promoter region RNA Synthesis: -10 site - Answer️️ -TATAAAT -Pribnow Box -(10 nucleotide bases back from the +1 site, where transcription starts) -RNA polymerase BINDINGsite -part of the promoter region RNA Synthesis: +1 site - Answer️️ --where transcription starts -end of promoter region, mRNA starts here -NOT THE SAME AS AUG Polycistronic - Answer️️ -A type of mRNA that can encode more than one polypeptide (gene) separately within the same RNA molecule -This is normal for bacterial mRNA -NO eukaryotes ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS Saturday, September 7, 2024 6:58 PM Page | 3 Monocistronic - Answer️️ -A type of mRNA that only encodes for one gene in one RNA molecule -Happens in eukaryotes 3 Types of RNA - Answer️️ --rRNA: makes up ribosomes -tRNA: carries amino acids to ribosome during translation -mRNA: complementary of template strand of DNA -- mRNA is always 5' to 3' Difference between DNA and RNA - Answer️️ -DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid RNA: ribonucleic acid In the sugars of nucleic acid, the C-2 carbon designates whether or not you have a DNA or an RNA molecule. If there is an H attached to the C-2, you have a DNA molecule. If there is an OH attached to the C-2, you have an RNA molecule. Nucleic Acid Structure - Answer️️ -1) Sugar 2) Base 3) Phosphate In the sugar of a nucleic acid, what is each carbon's function? - Answer️️ -C-1: connects sugar to base C-2: determines DNA or RNA C-3: attaches sugar to next nucleotide in molecule C-4: doesn't do much, boring C-5: attaches sugar to phosphate group Which direction do polymerases add nucleotides? - Answer️️ -From 5' to 3' ONLY!!! ALL KNOWN POLYMERASES ADD NUCLEOTIDES IN 5' TO 3' DIRECTION O