Cal Poly Arch 217 Midterm 1
Paleolithic Era; Old Stone Age - ANS-From about 3.3 million years ago to 15,000 BCE
Paleolithic Ritual Objects - ANS-Venus of Laussel:
Paleolithic Ritual Objects - ANS-Venus of Willendorf:
Gallery of the Bulls. Lascaux, France - ANS-- The animals are shown in order to
guarantee flourishing game and successful hunts.
- The images may have been part of rituals to appease the spirits of dead animals.
Çatal Hüyük, Turkey - ANS-Largest known Neolithic city, with complex economy of
trade, craft, animal husbandry,
and agriculture. Catal Hüyük was a relatively egalitarian society with a strong ritual
life/culture.
Dolmens - ANS-Tombs composed of a horizontal slab
cap stone and vertical side stones for support walls.
Avebury - ANS-The largest stone circle in England and part of a larger landscape of
Neolithic monuments. Menhirs
Menhirs - ANS-Large upright stones
Stonehenge - ANS-- Part of a much larger landscape of Neolithic monuments, including
other circles, avenues, and stone monuments.
-
Meaning or Functions of Stonehenge - ANS-- One explanation is related to the
movements of the sun. Neolithic people were
farmers, and knowledge of the seasons was
critical for agriculture. The heel stone, which is set off from the stone circle, may have
functioned as a marker.
- Another use for Stonehenge was burials: Cremation burials continued from the early
stages at least until the erection of the large sarsens.
- More recently, it has been suggested that Stonehenge functioned as a ritual center
for healing.
, Ur, Iraq (third dynasty, ca. 2000 BCE) - ANS-The City Wall and Temple/Palace complex
alongside residential areas characterizes
the typical Mesopotamian city.
Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu. Ur, Iraq (third dynasty, ca. 2000 BCE). - ANS-Ziggurats were the
AXIS MUNDI -- places of worship as the origin of architectural and written language in
the region.
I.A: Buildings and City-States
Writing, Law, and the Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1750 BCE). - ANS-Writing and
civilization: the development of a legal system in Mesopotamia; Code of Hammurabi is
one of the earliest known written law/ codes.
Law 228 - ANS-"If a builder builds a house for some one and completes it, he shall give
him a fee of two shekels in money for each sar of surface."
- This reference to buildings shows that construction was a specialized field, rather than
an enterprise pursued by all people.
Law 229 - ANS-"If a builder built a house for some one, and does not construct it
properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then that builder shall
be put to death."
Law 232 - ANS-"If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been
ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it
fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means."
Mastaba - ANS-- Tomb in the form of a flat mound.
-
How Architecture Evolved in Egypt - ANS-Development from tumulus (piled stones) to
mastaba to step pyramid to true pyramid shows how architecture evolves.
Ornament - ANS-
Practice Question: Compare and contrast an Egyptian pyramid with the Ziggurat of Ur.
Consider form, function, material, and planning. - ANS-
Valley Temple of Chefren (Khafre). - ANS-The pharaoh's body would be taken first to
the valley temple
Paleolithic Era; Old Stone Age - ANS-From about 3.3 million years ago to 15,000 BCE
Paleolithic Ritual Objects - ANS-Venus of Laussel:
Paleolithic Ritual Objects - ANS-Venus of Willendorf:
Gallery of the Bulls. Lascaux, France - ANS-- The animals are shown in order to
guarantee flourishing game and successful hunts.
- The images may have been part of rituals to appease the spirits of dead animals.
Çatal Hüyük, Turkey - ANS-Largest known Neolithic city, with complex economy of
trade, craft, animal husbandry,
and agriculture. Catal Hüyük was a relatively egalitarian society with a strong ritual
life/culture.
Dolmens - ANS-Tombs composed of a horizontal slab
cap stone and vertical side stones for support walls.
Avebury - ANS-The largest stone circle in England and part of a larger landscape of
Neolithic monuments. Menhirs
Menhirs - ANS-Large upright stones
Stonehenge - ANS-- Part of a much larger landscape of Neolithic monuments, including
other circles, avenues, and stone monuments.
-
Meaning or Functions of Stonehenge - ANS-- One explanation is related to the
movements of the sun. Neolithic people were
farmers, and knowledge of the seasons was
critical for agriculture. The heel stone, which is set off from the stone circle, may have
functioned as a marker.
- Another use for Stonehenge was burials: Cremation burials continued from the early
stages at least until the erection of the large sarsens.
- More recently, it has been suggested that Stonehenge functioned as a ritual center
for healing.
, Ur, Iraq (third dynasty, ca. 2000 BCE) - ANS-The City Wall and Temple/Palace complex
alongside residential areas characterizes
the typical Mesopotamian city.
Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu. Ur, Iraq (third dynasty, ca. 2000 BCE). - ANS-Ziggurats were the
AXIS MUNDI -- places of worship as the origin of architectural and written language in
the region.
I.A: Buildings and City-States
Writing, Law, and the Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1750 BCE). - ANS-Writing and
civilization: the development of a legal system in Mesopotamia; Code of Hammurabi is
one of the earliest known written law/ codes.
Law 228 - ANS-"If a builder builds a house for some one and completes it, he shall give
him a fee of two shekels in money for each sar of surface."
- This reference to buildings shows that construction was a specialized field, rather than
an enterprise pursued by all people.
Law 229 - ANS-"If a builder built a house for some one, and does not construct it
properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then that builder shall
be put to death."
Law 232 - ANS-"If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been
ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it
fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means."
Mastaba - ANS-- Tomb in the form of a flat mound.
-
How Architecture Evolved in Egypt - ANS-Development from tumulus (piled stones) to
mastaba to step pyramid to true pyramid shows how architecture evolves.
Ornament - ANS-
Practice Question: Compare and contrast an Egyptian pyramid with the Ziggurat of Ur.
Consider form, function, material, and planning. - ANS-
Valley Temple of Chefren (Khafre). - ANS-The pharaoh's body would be taken first to
the valley temple
