Georgia Biology EOC
Existing cells - ANS -Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity - ANS -The maximum population of a particular organism that a given
environment can support without detrimental effects
Gamete - ANS -a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with
another cell to form a new organism.
Zygote - ANS -the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes
cleavage.
Embryo - ANS -the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early
stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
Punnett Square - ANS -a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their
possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic
cross
Phenotype - ANS -The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental
influences.
Genotype - ANS -the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with
reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele - ANS -any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are
responsible for hereditary variation.
Homozygous - ANS -having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary
characteristics
Heterozygous - ANS -having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic
Dominant Trait - ANS -a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents
contributes it
Recessive Trait - ANS -a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order to
appear in the offspring
, Nondisjunction - ANS -the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into
daughter cells at division
Mutation - ANS -a sudden change different than the parent type in one or more heritable
characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
Genetic Engineering - ANS -the development and application of scientific methods,
procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order
to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
Recombinant DNA - ANS -DNA in which one or more segments or genes have been
inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from
another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription - ANS -The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template
resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
Replication - ANS -the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as
DNA molecules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
Traslation - ANS -The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the
production of a protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being
controlled by the base sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem - ANS -the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
Producer - ANS -An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other
organisms in a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through
photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances
into food through chemosynthesis
Anterior - ANS -The front surface of the body
Posterior - ANS -Near the tail end of the body
Chemoautotroph - ANS -an organism that depends on inorganic chemicals for its energy
and principally on carbon dioxide for its carbon
Dichotomous Key - ANS -used to identify a plant or animal in which each stage presents
descriptions of two distinguishing characters, with a direction to another stage in the
key, until the species is identified
Existing cells - ANS -Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity - ANS -The maximum population of a particular organism that a given
environment can support without detrimental effects
Gamete - ANS -a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with
another cell to form a new organism.
Zygote - ANS -the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes
cleavage.
Embryo - ANS -the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early
stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
Punnett Square - ANS -a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their
possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic
cross
Phenotype - ANS -The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental
influences.
Genotype - ANS -the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with
reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele - ANS -any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are
responsible for hereditary variation.
Homozygous - ANS -having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary
characteristics
Heterozygous - ANS -having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic
Dominant Trait - ANS -a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents
contributes it
Recessive Trait - ANS -a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order to
appear in the offspring
, Nondisjunction - ANS -the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into
daughter cells at division
Mutation - ANS -a sudden change different than the parent type in one or more heritable
characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
Genetic Engineering - ANS -the development and application of scientific methods,
procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order
to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
Recombinant DNA - ANS -DNA in which one or more segments or genes have been
inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from
another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription - ANS -The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template
resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
Replication - ANS -the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as
DNA molecules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
Traslation - ANS -The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the
production of a protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being
controlled by the base sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem - ANS -the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
Producer - ANS -An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other
organisms in a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through
photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances
into food through chemosynthesis
Anterior - ANS -The front surface of the body
Posterior - ANS -Near the tail end of the body
Chemoautotroph - ANS -an organism that depends on inorganic chemicals for its energy
and principally on carbon dioxide for its carbon
Dichotomous Key - ANS -used to identify a plant or animal in which each stage presents
descriptions of two distinguishing characters, with a direction to another stage in the
key, until the species is identified
