BIOL 311 Exam 1 Binghamton Study
Guide and All Correct Answers Graded
A+.
1. Bright field microscopy/compound light microscopy - Answer Dark Specimen, bright
viewing field requires staining
1. Cryostat - Answer A chamber that can maintain low temperatures, preserves frozen tissue
samples that can then be sliced
1. Phase contrast microscope - Answer observes living cells, light changes speed when
travelling through extracellular structures, suitable for single cells or thin tissue not thicque
1. Nomarski/Differential Interference Contrast - Answer Splits light into two perpendicular
components before going through the specimen and creating a interference pattern, used to
look at organelles, this and phase contrast can be used in a time lapse
Patch clamp - Answer Used to study ionic currents of individual isolated living cells, or
patches of cell membrane, sucks up a little of the cell
Single cell membrane activity
Darkfield microscopy - Answer Area around cells is dark, used to enhance contrast in
unstained living samples, can photodegrade things
Increases contrast but not resolution
Polarizing light micro
i. Neurons are highly organized so no light penetration
Spinning Disk Confocal microscopy - Answer Laser shoots through a spinning disk which
works somehow and takes pictures really fast, doesn't photobleach the sample
doesn't generate as much heat
1. (point scanning) Laser-Scanning Confocal microscopy - Answer Collects illuminated light
through a pin hole, moves across the focal plane to get the full image, can shoot at different
heights to make 3D image, slow and photobleachs
Very bright images, need dead cells
1. Fluorescence Microscopy - Answer Absorbs light of one wavelength and emits at a longer
wavelength, used to observe cells that have been stained with fluorescence
, 1. FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) - Answer Photobleach cells in an area
and see how long unbleached cells take to replace them, can view cell dynamics
50% of proteins are mobile
FRET (forster resonance energy transfer) - Answer Pair of fluorescent proteins with similar
wavelengths where the energy is transferred, proportional to R^-6
Ability to indicate ligand receptor in living cells
FRET biosensor - Answer Separate the two fluoroproteins by something undergoing a
conformational change ause after the change they will be close enough to FRET
1. TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescene) microscopy - Answer Used when fluroescene
imaging on a thin focal plane adjacent to a surface where out of focus background must be
minimized. Only the part right next to the surface is illuminated
Vital Fluorescent Dyes - Answer Rhodamine, JC-1, PMF - Good for measuring mitochondrial
activity
Calcium-AM & propI - live dead assay
FLOU-3 - measures intracellular calcium
Fluorescence immunocytochemistry - Answer Common assay that confirms the expression
of fluorescenes
ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) - Answer Plate-based assay technique designed
for detecting and quantifying antibodies using an immobilized antigen
Quantifies he amount of proteins inside and outside of cell
Microspectrofluorometry/Cytofluor - Answer Qualitative images based on wavelength
emissions of excitation
Polyclonal/monoclonal antibodies - Answer Antiboides made by identical immune cell
parent "clones"
GFP, YFP, CFP as reporter molecules - Answer Fluorescent proteins regulatory vs other
Apoptosis/Necrosis/Annexin V/Propidium iodide - Answer Programmed cell death - annexin
V
Guide and All Correct Answers Graded
A+.
1. Bright field microscopy/compound light microscopy - Answer Dark Specimen, bright
viewing field requires staining
1. Cryostat - Answer A chamber that can maintain low temperatures, preserves frozen tissue
samples that can then be sliced
1. Phase contrast microscope - Answer observes living cells, light changes speed when
travelling through extracellular structures, suitable for single cells or thin tissue not thicque
1. Nomarski/Differential Interference Contrast - Answer Splits light into two perpendicular
components before going through the specimen and creating a interference pattern, used to
look at organelles, this and phase contrast can be used in a time lapse
Patch clamp - Answer Used to study ionic currents of individual isolated living cells, or
patches of cell membrane, sucks up a little of the cell
Single cell membrane activity
Darkfield microscopy - Answer Area around cells is dark, used to enhance contrast in
unstained living samples, can photodegrade things
Increases contrast but not resolution
Polarizing light micro
i. Neurons are highly organized so no light penetration
Spinning Disk Confocal microscopy - Answer Laser shoots through a spinning disk which
works somehow and takes pictures really fast, doesn't photobleach the sample
doesn't generate as much heat
1. (point scanning) Laser-Scanning Confocal microscopy - Answer Collects illuminated light
through a pin hole, moves across the focal plane to get the full image, can shoot at different
heights to make 3D image, slow and photobleachs
Very bright images, need dead cells
1. Fluorescence Microscopy - Answer Absorbs light of one wavelength and emits at a longer
wavelength, used to observe cells that have been stained with fluorescence
, 1. FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) - Answer Photobleach cells in an area
and see how long unbleached cells take to replace them, can view cell dynamics
50% of proteins are mobile
FRET (forster resonance energy transfer) - Answer Pair of fluorescent proteins with similar
wavelengths where the energy is transferred, proportional to R^-6
Ability to indicate ligand receptor in living cells
FRET biosensor - Answer Separate the two fluoroproteins by something undergoing a
conformational change ause after the change they will be close enough to FRET
1. TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescene) microscopy - Answer Used when fluroescene
imaging on a thin focal plane adjacent to a surface where out of focus background must be
minimized. Only the part right next to the surface is illuminated
Vital Fluorescent Dyes - Answer Rhodamine, JC-1, PMF - Good for measuring mitochondrial
activity
Calcium-AM & propI - live dead assay
FLOU-3 - measures intracellular calcium
Fluorescence immunocytochemistry - Answer Common assay that confirms the expression
of fluorescenes
ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) - Answer Plate-based assay technique designed
for detecting and quantifying antibodies using an immobilized antigen
Quantifies he amount of proteins inside and outside of cell
Microspectrofluorometry/Cytofluor - Answer Qualitative images based on wavelength
emissions of excitation
Polyclonal/monoclonal antibodies - Answer Antiboides made by identical immune cell
parent "clones"
GFP, YFP, CFP as reporter molecules - Answer Fluorescent proteins regulatory vs other
Apoptosis/Necrosis/Annexin V/Propidium iodide - Answer Programmed cell death - annexin
V
