BIOL 311
State University Of New York - Binghamton
Here are the best resources to pass BIOL 311. Find BIOL 311 study guides, notes, assignments, and much more.
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Exam (elaborations)
BIOL 311 Exam 3 Study Guide Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
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--20February 20262025/2026A+Available in bundle
- Peter Mitchell - Answer Nobel Prize in 1978 for chemiosmosis 
 
Rudolph Virchow and Elie Metchnikoff - Answer Rudolph - WBC - RBC recognized inside → saw this and realized WBC were 
"giving birth" to RBC → actually Heterophagy 
Metchnikoff - "eat or be eaten" - lysosomes, Phagocytosis, Discovered heterophagy 
 
Joseph Priestly - Answer photosynthesis. discovered a relationship between plants and animals using a flask with 
a mouse and a mint leaf and candle 
 
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BIOL 311 Exam 1 Binghamton Study Guide and All Correct Answers Graded A+.
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--8February 20262025/2026A+Available in bundle
- 1. Bright field microscopy/compound light microscopy - Answer Dark Specimen, bright viewing field requires staining 
 
1. Cryostat - Answer A chamber that can maintain low temperatures, preserves frozen tissue samples that can then be sliced 
 
1. Phase contrast microscope - Answer observes living cells, light changes speed when travelling through extracellular structures, suitable for single cells or thin tissue not thicque 
 
1. Nomarski/Differential Interference Contrast - A...
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Binghamton University - BIOL 311 - Exam 2 – RVB Final Test Questions and Actual Answers 2026 Updated.
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--33February 20262025/2026A+Available in bundle
- What is Molecular Biology - Answer A group of processes and techniques used to manipulate, analyze, expand, and express nucleotide sequence to understand/control gene function 
 
Genomics - Answer Wide reaching expansive term, key element is genes 
 
Gene transfects - Answer Inserting intact genes through viruses, liposomes, nanoparticles 
 
Example of gene transfection - Answer GFP linked to a gene of interest 
 
Editing genes - Answer Adding or removing genes or s...
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Exam (elaborations)
Binghamton University - BIOL 311 - Test 4 – RVB Final Exam and Actual Detailed Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
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--27February 20262025/2026A+Available in bundle
- Cytosekeleton - Answer Network of filaments that run throughout the cytoplasm, is dynamic and not static, can be a target for cancer (microtubules) 
 
What does the cytoskeleton do - Answer Gives the cell its shape and aids in movement, guide for vesicular transport and orientation of organelles 
 
where is Internal cytoskeleton - Answer Specific to Eukaryotes 
 
3 Major components - Answer 1.) Actin filaments (microfilaments, smallest) 
2.) Intermediate filaments (Medium...
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Exam (elaborations)
Binghamton university Exam 2 Bio 311 Test Questions Solved Correctly 2026 Updated.
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--7February 20262025/2026A+Available in bundle
- Langmuir Trough - Answer -used an experiment w/ pressure and proposed that a cell membrane could be a phospholipid bilayer (as opposed to monolayer) 
-1917 
 
Danielle and Davson - Answer first formal model of a cell membrane 
-1935 
-protein-phospholipid-protein sandwich with a polar pore lined w/ proteins 
 
what is the significance of the J.D. Robertson model? - Answer -used TEM 
-confirmed D/D model 
-found OsO4 on the membrane 
-suggested glycosylation 
 
1960's/1970...
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Exam (elaborations)
Binghamton University - BIOL 311 - Test 1 – RVB Questions and Correct Answers 2025-2026 Edition.
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--21February 20262025/2026A+Available in bundle
- Cell Biology and Society - Answer Core of most major advancements in medicine, has bioethical boundaries 
 
mRNA Vaccines and Covid-19 - Answer problem was that mRNA causes immune reactions and could be degraded - solution to change a few bases. Another problem, how to get mRNA into cells and express the protein? Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna 
 
Katalin Kiriko - Answer Katalin Kiriko (doubted and demoted), made COVID mRNA vaccine, won Nobel prize in Physiology or medicine - 2023 ...
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Exam (elaborations)
Binghamton BIOL 311 Exam 3 Test Questions and All Actual Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
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--10February 20262025/2026A+Available in bundle
- Lysosomes - Answer Membrane bound organelles with roles involving the degrading/recycling of cellular waste, cellular signaling, and energy metabolism. Contain 40+ hydrolytic enzymes with optimum pH of 5.0 (acidic). Organelle that stains positively with acid phosphate (marker enzyme). 
 
Christian de Duve - Answer Discovered lysosomes with differential centrifugation. Results ended with a pellet. Intact pellets showed respiratory (mitochondrial) activity, while "injured" pellet...
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Cell Biol 311 Test 2 Assessment Questions And Already Passed Answers 2025-2026 Version.
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--22September 20252025/2026A+Available in bundle
- Milstein's group in 1972 used a cell free mRNA synthesis that showed when RER is added to the in vitro the protein is 20+ amino acids shorter than the mixture without RER. This was critical to the discovery of: 
hondrial targeting sequences 
b. signal peptidases/signal sequences 
c.SRP/SRP receptor 
d. Role of GTP/GDP in the RER protein synthesis 
e. Importance of trans-membrane potential across RER membrane and the role in protein synthesis - Answer Signal peptidases/ signal sequences 
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Exam (elaborations)
BIOL 311 - Test 4 -Binghamton University Examination with Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
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--23September 20252025/2026A+Available in bundle
- Microtubules - Answer Involved in mitosis and in non-dividing cell often radiate out from a MTOC (microtubule organizing center) 
 
How much of proteins do actin filaments make up - Answer 10% in muscle cells, 1-5% in normal cells, most abundant protein in muscle cells 
 
Molecular weight of actin filaments - Answer 42000 - G-actin (globular) 
 
How many actin genes are there - Answer 6 in humans that each encode an isoform 
 
Alpha actin - Answer Associated with contractile struc...
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Exam (elaborations)
BIOL 311 Final Exam 3 Test Questions And 100% Correct Answers 2025-2026 Set.
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--12September 20252025/2026A+Available in bundle
- Lysosomes and proteasomes - Answer -Both degrade molecules, especially proteins 
 
Christian de Duve - Answer -Won Nobel Prize for discovering lysosomes 
-1955 
-First to use a centrifuge to purify organelles 
-Created pellets (intact vs injured) 
-Intact showed respiratory activity due to mitochondria, injured showed hydrolytic activity due to lysosomes 
 
Lysosomes - Answer -Contain hydrolytic enzymes 
-Cleave to degrade most normal molecules/proteins 
-Enzymes not typical. Optimum p...
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