NURS 6501 KNOWLEDGE CHECK WEEK 11
COMPREHENSIVE SCRIPT 2026 FULL STUDY
GUIDE COMPLETE RESPONSES
◉ What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do?
Answer: (1) fibrous structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2)
adhesive glycoproteins, and (3) proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid.
The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement, and
differentiation.
◉ How do cells communicate? Answer: (1) they form protein
channels (gap junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect
intracellular processes or other cells in direct physical contact; and
(3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
◉ How is intercellular signaling done? Answer: contact-dependent,
paracrine, hormonal, neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
◉ What is ATP? Answer: Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is
required for active transport.
◉ What is anabolism? Answer: energy-using process of metabolism
,◉ What is catabolism? Answer: the energy-releasing process of
metabolism
◉ What is passive transport? Answer: The movement of materials
across the cell membrane without using cellular energy, water and
small electrically uncharged molecules, done through osmosis
◉ What is oxidative phosphorylation? Answer: occurs in the
mitochondria and is the mechanism by which the energy produced
from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP.
◉ What is endocytosis and exocytosis? Answer: Endo= into the cell
(engulf). Exo= out of the cell (excrete).
◉ What is active transport? Answer: requires the cell to expend
energy (by means of ATP) to move larger molecules and molecular
complexes
◉ What is pinocytosis? Answer: the ingestion of liquid into a cell by
the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. (drinking)
◉ How is endocytosis done? Answer: when the substance to be
transported is engulfed by a segment of the plasma membrane,
forming a vesicle that moves into the cell.
, ◉ What is phagocytosis? Answer: the ingestion of bacteria or other
material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans. (eating)
◉ What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? Answer: receptor-
mediated endocytosis to selectively take up specific molecules or
complexes of molecules that cannot diffuse or move through
transport proteins
◉ What is diffusion? Answer: The movement of particles from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
◉ What happens after endocytosis occurs? Answer: lysosomal
enzymes process and digest material
◉ What is osmosis? Answer: diffusion of water across a selectively
permeable membrane
◉ What is filtration? Answer: the measurement of water and solutes
through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure.
◉ What is hydrostatic pressure? Answer: the mechanical force of
water pushing against cellular membranes.
COMPREHENSIVE SCRIPT 2026 FULL STUDY
GUIDE COMPLETE RESPONSES
◉ What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do?
Answer: (1) fibrous structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2)
adhesive glycoproteins, and (3) proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid.
The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement, and
differentiation.
◉ How do cells communicate? Answer: (1) they form protein
channels (gap junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect
intracellular processes or other cells in direct physical contact; and
(3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
◉ How is intercellular signaling done? Answer: contact-dependent,
paracrine, hormonal, neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
◉ What is ATP? Answer: Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is
required for active transport.
◉ What is anabolism? Answer: energy-using process of metabolism
,◉ What is catabolism? Answer: the energy-releasing process of
metabolism
◉ What is passive transport? Answer: The movement of materials
across the cell membrane without using cellular energy, water and
small electrically uncharged molecules, done through osmosis
◉ What is oxidative phosphorylation? Answer: occurs in the
mitochondria and is the mechanism by which the energy produced
from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP.
◉ What is endocytosis and exocytosis? Answer: Endo= into the cell
(engulf). Exo= out of the cell (excrete).
◉ What is active transport? Answer: requires the cell to expend
energy (by means of ATP) to move larger molecules and molecular
complexes
◉ What is pinocytosis? Answer: the ingestion of liquid into a cell by
the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. (drinking)
◉ How is endocytosis done? Answer: when the substance to be
transported is engulfed by a segment of the plasma membrane,
forming a vesicle that moves into the cell.
, ◉ What is phagocytosis? Answer: the ingestion of bacteria or other
material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans. (eating)
◉ What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? Answer: receptor-
mediated endocytosis to selectively take up specific molecules or
complexes of molecules that cannot diffuse or move through
transport proteins
◉ What is diffusion? Answer: The movement of particles from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
◉ What happens after endocytosis occurs? Answer: lysosomal
enzymes process and digest material
◉ What is osmosis? Answer: diffusion of water across a selectively
permeable membrane
◉ What is filtration? Answer: the measurement of water and solutes
through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure.
◉ What is hydrostatic pressure? Answer: the mechanical force of
water pushing against cellular membranes.
