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First Aid USMLE Step 1: Biochemistry Exam Study Questions and Answers What is a nucleoside? What is a nucleotide? Which are the purines? Which are the pyrimidines? - ANSWER-Side = base + (deoxy)ribose [sugar] Tide = base + (deoxy)ribose [sugar] + phosphaTe *Which are the purines?* ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/152 "pure as gold" = Adenosine, Guanosine *Which are the pyrimidines?* "CUT the pyramid" = Cytosine, Ur...

USMLE step 1 – biochemistry Exam Study Guide Solutions infant with somnolence, vomiting, cerebral edema, decreased BUN, hyperammonemia - ANSWER- ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency infantile cataracts, doesn't track objects, absent social smile - ANSWER-galactokinase deficiency infantile cataracts, hepatomegaly, jaundice, failure to thrive - ANSWER-uridyltransferase deficiency causes of Down syndrome - ANSWER-1) meiotic nondisjunction (95%) 2) unbalanced robertsonian translocation...

USMLE Step 3 Study Guide Solutions Pseudogout associations - ANSWER-hemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, acromegaly, hypothyroidism Gout crystals - ANSWER-negatively birefringent needles Pseudogout crystals - ANSWER-positively birefringent needles Vasculitis associated with chronic Hep B - ANSWER-polyarteritis nodosa Vasculitis associated with chronic Hep C - ANSWER-cryoglobulinemia Best blood test for polyarteritis nodosa - ANSWER-There is none. Get abdominal angiography first, then bi...

USMLE Step 1 - uWorld High Yield Notes Exam Study Questions and Answers What are the two major microtubular motor proteins? Which does anterograde axonal transport, which does retrograde axonal transport? - ANSWER-Kinesin, Dynein Kinesin: Anterograde Dynein: Retrograde` What do you think, immunologically speaking, when you see someone with recurrent Neisseria infections? - ANSWER-Inability to form the membrane attack (MAC) complex this is a common complement deficiency What is the defec...

FIRST AID USMLE STEP 1 – VITAMINS EXAM STUDY GUIDE SOLUTIONS Vitamin A (retinol) - Function - ANSWER-Antioxidant; constituent of visual pigments (retinal); essential for normal differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue (pancreatic cells, mucus- secreting cells); prevents squamous metaplasia. Used to treat measles and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Vitamin A (retinol) - Deficiency - ANSWER-Night blindness (nyctalopia); dry, scaly skin (xerosis cutis); corneal degen...

USMLE Step 1 Rapid Review Study Guide Solutions Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly, (also high D dimer, CHF without JVD) - ANSWER-Budd-Chiari syndrome Achilles tendon xanthoma - ANSWER-Familial hypercholesterolemia Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC - ANSWER-Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia) Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints - ANSWER-Marfan's (fibrillin defect) Athlete with polycythemia - ANSWER-Erythropoietin injection B...

USMLE Step 1 Rapid Review Study Guide Solutions abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly - ANSWER-Budd-Chiari syndrome Familial hypercholesterolemia - ANSWER-achilles tendon xanthoma adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC - ANSWER-Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome biochemistry of Marfan's syndrome - ANSWER-fibrillin defect posthepatic venous thrombosis - ANSWER-Budd-Chiari syndrome Familial hypercholesterolemia biochemistry - ANSWER-decrease in LDL receptor signaling Waterhouse-Friderichsen...

USMLE STEP 1 Neurology Exam Practice Questions and Answers The notochord induces what to differentiate into what? - ANSWER-Induces overlying ECTODERM to differentiate into NEUROECTODERM and form NUERAL PLATE Neural plate then gives rise to? - ANSWER-Neural tube and neural crest cells Notochord becomes what? - ANSWER-Nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disks in adults Alar Plate - ANSWER-Dorsal [Sensory] Same orientation as spinal cord Basal Plate - ANSWER-Ventral [Motor] Same orienta...

Public health science USMLE step 1 Exam Practice Questions and Answers What number is in the denominator for the RATE of divorce? - ANSWER-Per 100 marriages What number is in the denominator for the RATE of infant mortality? - ANSWER-Per 1000 live births What is the typical RATE given in epidemiology for most cases? - ANSWER-Per 100,000. What are most disease rates in the US for most all diseases? - ANSWER-Less than 50 per 100,000.... Almost ALL are below 100 per 100,000 What is an INCIDE...

USMLE Step 1 Biostatistics/Epidemiology Study Guide Solutions Sensitivity - ANSWER-TP / (TP + FN) Specificity - ANSWER-TN / (TN + TP) Positive Predictive Value - ANSWER-TP / (TP + FP) Negative Predictive Value - ANSWER-TN / (FN + TN) Incidence Rate - ANSWER-# of new cases in a certain time period / population that is at risk during that time period This looks at new incidences occurring during a time period Prevalence - ANSWER-# of existing cases / population at risk Looks at ALL curre...

US Sailing - Learn Sailing Right Intermediate Sailing Exam Questions Complete Solutions Current Update (A+ Pass) Groove - ANSWER-Is the course between the high & low side of close hauled, when you are making the best speed & achieving the highest pointing angle toward the wind. Feathering - ANSWER-The act of scalloping slightly towards the No-Go Zone for each puff & returning to the groove as the puff abates. Footing - ANSWER-Act of easing sails slightly & heading down to the lower side o...

Unit 3- Real Estate course Exam Practice Questions and Answers Ad valorem taxes - ANSWER-A tax levied according to value, generally used to refer to real estate tax. Assessment - ANSWER-Official valuation of property for the purpose of establishing assessed value for tax purpose. Deed restrictions - ANSWER-Private agreements placed in the public record that affect the use of land. Dominant appurtenant - ANSWER- Easement - ANSWER-A right to limited use and enjoyment of the land of anothe...

UMD BSCI 330 Exam 2 (Part I) Questions and Answers what are some examples of the central dogma not applying to all cases of biological information - ANSWER-- retrovirus (RNA -> DNA) - b/c reverse transcription is used to create DNA Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription - ANSWER-- Euk: Have 3 different RNA polymerases. Pro: only one - Starting --- Euk: Needs general transcription factors to start transcription and position RNA polymerase. Pro: RNA polymerase bind...

UMD BSCI 330 exam 2 Study Guide Solutions Protein Translation - ANSWER-20 different amino acids -triple nucleotide code= 64 different combinations codon - ANSWER-set of 3 nucleotides -most amino acids have multiple corresponding codons tRNA - ANSWER-matches amino acids with codons -amino acid is covalently attached to the 3' end of the tRNA -contains loop with an anticodon that is complementary to the appropriate amino acids codon Amino acid activation - ANSWER--first activated by co...

UMD BSCI 330 exam 2 Practice Questions and Answers with proteins, structure = - ANSWER-function describe the structure of primary proteins - ANSWER--linear sequence of amino acid residue -determines mRNA structure the structure of primary amino acids is dependent on? - ANSWER-covalent binds b/t amino acids in linear sequence describe structure of secondary proteins - ANSWER--folding & twisting of peptide backbone -NO amino acid side chain interactions the structure of secondary protein ...

UMD BSCI 330 exam 1 Practice Questions and Answers what is the difference between seeing and visualizing? - ANSWER-seeing- can detect visualizing- seeing shapes, structures, measuring Given the following building blocks ==> structures sugar fatty acid amino acid nucleotides - ANSWER-sugar ==> polysaccharides fatty acid ==> fat, lipids, membranes amino acid ==> protein nucleotides ==> nucleic acid ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OC...

UF MCB 2000 Exam 2 Practice Questions and Answers State the difference between and give examples of vertical and horizontal gene transfer? - ANSWER-- Vertical gene transfer: genes replicated and from parent to daughter cells (1/2 of DNA comes from each parent cell) -Horizontal gene transfer: One cell pairs up with other similar cell and DNA is transferred from one cell to the other one, side by side, -3 types: transduction: Viruses take gene from one bacteria when killing it and carry it ...

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[UCSB] EEMB 2 - Midterm 1 Questions and Answers What is ecology? - ANSWER-The distribution and abundance of organisms and WHY (what factors, interactions, etc.) What book did Aristotle write that contributed to ecology? What did he contribute? - ANSWER- Historia Animalium; he was able to explain 'divine' events with natural processes What book triggered the environmental movement of the 60's, and the first time ecology was seen as rigorous and serious? - ANSWER-Silent Spring by R...

UCSB Soc 152A Midterm 1 Exam Questions and Answers Vulva - ANSWER-entire external genital area in a woman Mons Veneris (Mons) - ANSWER-fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair, can be sexually stimulated (has erotic sensitivity) Labia Majora - ANSWER-outer lips, extended from mons downward, padded with fatty tissue & partially covered in hair, contains nerve endings (erotically sensitive) Labia Minora - ANSWER-inner lips, lies between labia majora, filled with glands & blood vessels & ...