Brainarium

The term nosocomial infection refers to an infection acquired during the delivery of healthcare in? - Correct Answer-hospitals Which precautions apply to the care of all patients in healthcare settings, regardless of suspected or confirmed presence of infectious agent and constitutes the primary strategy for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections? - Correct AnswerStandard Precautions The "chain of infection", i.e., the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settin...

What is the usual dosage and time sequence of prophylactic premedications? - ️️30-60 min before procedure Standard Amoxicillin - adult: 2 g orally - child: 50 mg/kg orally Unable to take oral medications Ampicillin - adult: 2 g IM or IV - child: 50 mg/kg IM or IV Cefazolin or celtriaxone - adult: 1 g IM or IV - child: 50 mg/kg IM or IV Allergic to penicillins of ampicillin - oral Cephalexin - adult: 2 g orally - child: 50 mg/kg orally Clindomycin - adult: 600 mg orally - c...

What are the 7 Core Values? - ️️1. Individual Autonomy & Respect for human beings - respect for patients, they have right to informed consent before treatment. 2. Confidentiality - 3. Societal trust - value patient's trust. our profession is based on our actions and behaviors. 4. Nonmaleficence - we provide services that protects all patients and minimizes harm to them and others involved. 5. Beneficence - we promote the wellbeing of our patients by engaging in health promotion an...

What is the first step in the systemic approach to evidence-based dental hygiene practice? A. Develop researchable question B. Apply evidence C. Determine clinical issue D. Evaluate patient outcomes - ️️C. Determine clinical issues (determine issuedevelop question-conduct search-analyze evidence- apply evidence-evaluate patients outcome) The "I" in the acronym PICO (which indicates key parts of a researchable question) stands for which of the following? Intervention Internet ...

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Psychological Objectives (PO) - ️️A statement of a measureable response that reflects the desired attitude or behavior change of a selected foreign target audience as a result of MISO (Broad) What is MISO - ️️Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audience to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, orgs, groups and individuals 7 Phase MISO Process - ️️1. Planning 2. TAA 3....

Explain the process and how to document a pulse? - ️️- use pads of first 3 fingers and palpate at the flexor of the radial or brachial and count for 30 seconds (if regular) and multiply by 2. if UNREGULAR count for 1 full minute -60, strong and regular. Explain the process and how to document respirations? - ️️-count respirations for 30 seconds and multiply by 2, if abnormal count for 1 full minute -relaxed, regulated, automatic, silent, symmetrical -12-20 breathes per minute -ev...

Arterial vs Venous Insufficiency: Pain - ️️- Arterial: Intermittent claudication, relieved by rest - Venous: Pain aggravated by sitting or standing Arterial vs Venous Insufficiency: Pulses - ️️- Arterial: Decreased or absent - Venous: Normal Arterial vs Venous Insufficiency: Colour - ️️- Arterial: Pale on elevation, dependant rubor - Venous: Brown pigmentation Arterial vs Venous Insufficiency: Temperature - ️️- Arterial: Cool, clammy - Venous: Normal Arterial vs Venous ...

Pulse sites - ️️many sites, but usually taken radially or apically childrens pulse - ️️decreases with age - born with a very fast pulse and it gradually slows athletes pulse - ️️lower resting heart rate than normal fever (pulse) - ️️initially rate is higher to fight infection and then it decreases to try to cool itself off medication (pulse) - ️️can increase or decrease pulse rate gender (pulse) - ️️males generally have a slower heart rate behaviour - ️️facial...

Lung Sounds: Bronchial - ️️- High pitch - Loud - Hollow/tubular - Harsh - Less on inspiration than expiration Lung Sounds: Bronchiovesicular - ️️- Moderate volume - Same on inspiration and expiration - Mix of bronchial and vesicular Lung Sounds: Vesicular - ️️- Low pitch - Soft - Rustling - Greater on inspiration than expiration

includes a complete health history & results of a full physical examination (used when meeting the patient for the 1st time) - ️️Complete database "mini-database", smaller in scope & more focused than the complete database. Concerns mainly one problem, one cue complex, or one body system - ️️Focused (episodic) database the status of any identified problems should be evaluated at regular & appropriate intervalsa - ️️Follow-up database calls for a rapid collection of the d...

pressure ulcer - ️️skin damage caused by pressure on the skin - can be severe enough to involve all levels of skin as well as muscle and bone macule - ️️a flat circumscribed colour change of less than 1cm (freckles, flat nevi, measles) papule - ️️something you can feel by the superficial thickening of the epidermis (mole or wart) pustule - ️️pus in a cavity, circumscribed and elevated (impetigo or acne) nodule - ️️solid, elevated, hard or soft. May be benign or maligna...

nursing process - ️️systematic method of planning and providing patient care using evidence-informed practice and critical thinking 5 phases of the nursing process - ️️1. assessment 2. nursing diagnosis 3. planning 4. implementation 5. evaluation Priorities setting - ️️when a patient has more than one health concern or illness, this helps identify the patient's immediate needs principles of priority setting - ️️1. make a complete list of current medications, medical ...

Which sound will you hear the best at the Pulmonic area? - ️️S2 What is the significance of Erb's Point? - ️️It is where you can hear both S1 and S2 sounds equally. Toward the end of diastole, the atria contract and push the last amount of blood into the ventricles. What is this sometimes called? - ️️Atrial Kick What is culture? - ️️Values, beliefs, attitudes, practices, characteristics, and customs shared by a group of people What does OPQRSTUV stand for in a pain asse...

What side is the heart on - Correct Answer--Left How would you describe a pulse - Correct Answer--Strong and regular Where is the apical pulse - Correct Answer--5th intercostal space midclavicular on left side, listen for 1 full minute How would you assess tactile fremitus - Correct Answer--Have patient say "99" and you should feel a vibration. -If there is no sound, you may be on bone, there may be a blockage, or a mass is present. -There may be an increase in lung density

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what is the most common cause of hypoxia - ️️ischemia (reduced blood supply) what are the mechanisms of ischemia- reperfusion injury - ️️oxidative stress, increased intracellular calcium concentration, inflammation, complement activation why are free radicals dangerous - ️️Highly reactive Can cause trouble depending on where it pulls electron LDL --> Atherosclerosis Proteins --> Cataracts DNA --> Cancer what are asphyxial injuries caused by - ️️caused by a failur...

What is chronic pain? - ️️Persistent or recurring, lasts 3-6 months, often difficult to treat What are the 4 common excitatory neurotransmitters? - ️️Glutamate, aspartate, substance P, calcitonin. Which peripheral mechanisms trigger the release of excitatory neurotransmitters? - ️️tissue injury, chronic inflammatory lesions. Why does pain perception differ throughout the body? - ️️Because nociceptors are distributed unevenly. Which 4 phases does nociception go through? - ...

What is cell injury? - Correct Answer-When a cell cannot maintain homeostasis. Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible When is a cell injury irreversible? - Correct Answer-Once change to the nucleus occur and cell membranes are disrupted. (will lead to cell death) What causes hypoxic injury? - Correct Answer-Hypoxia or lack of proficient oxygen within a cell. (loss of hemoglobin and decreased RBC production) What does hypoxic cellular injury cause? - Correct Answer-Ischemia, less b...

Tumour suppressor genes - Correct Answer-regulate cell cycle. Inhibits proliferation resulting from growth signals, stop cell division, and prevent mutations Angiogenesis - Correct Answer-major component of wound healing, process of establishing new blood vessels within the tissue undergoing repair metastasis - Correct Answer-The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site clinical manifestations of cancer - Correct Answer-pain, fatigue, anorexia, malabsorption, altered heart and liv...