PATH 1000 Chapter 1: Topic 1.2 Cellular
Pathophysiology
What is cell injury? - Correct Answer-When a cell cannot maintain homeostasis.
Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible
When is a cell injury irreversible? - Correct Answer-Once change to the nucleus occur
and cell membranes are disrupted.
(will lead to cell death)
What causes hypoxic injury? - Correct Answer-Hypoxia or lack of proficient oxygen
within a cell.
(loss of hemoglobin and decreased RBC production)
What does hypoxic cellular injury cause? - Correct Answer-Ischemia, less blood supply
to tissue
What causes ischemia re-perfusion injury? - Correct Answer-The restoration of blood
flow and oxygen to areas of the body recently suffering from ischemia.
What is compensatory hyperplasia? - Correct Answer-An adaptive mechanism that
enables certain organs to regenerate.
What is hormonal hyperplasia? - Correct Answer-Enlargement of estrogen dependent
organs such as the breasts and uterus.
ex. endometrium grows and thickens in preparation of ovum.
What is cellular metaplasia? - Correct Answer-Reversible replacement of one mature
cell type by another less mature cell type.
ex. smoking causes changes to lung cells.
What is cellular dysplasia? - Correct Answer-Abnormal changes in the size shape and
organization of mature cells.
(not considered a true adaptive process)
, Is dysplasia the same thing as caner? - Correct Answer-Although dysplasia functions
similar to cancer and is often located next to cancerous growths it doesn't indicate
cancer and may never progress to it.
What are the five progressive changes of a cell? - Correct Answer--atrophy
-hypertrophy
-hyperplasia
-metaplasia
-dysplasia
What is the transformation zone? - Correct Answer-Merging site of the 2 types of cells.
(common site for HPV changes)
List 8 chief cellular functions - Correct Answer-1. movement (muscle to bone causes
movement)
2. conductivity (electric response to stimuli)
3. metabolic absorption (taking and using nutrients)
4. secretion (mucus)
5. excretion (getting rid of waste)
6. respiration (taking in O2 for nutrients)
7. reproduction (tissue growth)
8. communication
What are the four ways cells adapt to their environment? - Correct Answer-1. atrophy
2. hypertrophy
3. hyperplasia
4. metaplasia
What is cellular atrophy? - Correct Answer-Decrease in cellular size and functional
components
ex. aging, early development(thymus gland)
What is cellular hypertrophy? - Correct Answer-The increase in the size of a cell in
response to mechanical stimuli.
ex. weightlifters
What is cellular hyperplasia? - Correct Answer-The increase in the number of cells due
to increased cellular division.
(response to injury)
Pathophysiology
What is cell injury? - Correct Answer-When a cell cannot maintain homeostasis.
Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible
When is a cell injury irreversible? - Correct Answer-Once change to the nucleus occur
and cell membranes are disrupted.
(will lead to cell death)
What causes hypoxic injury? - Correct Answer-Hypoxia or lack of proficient oxygen
within a cell.
(loss of hemoglobin and decreased RBC production)
What does hypoxic cellular injury cause? - Correct Answer-Ischemia, less blood supply
to tissue
What causes ischemia re-perfusion injury? - Correct Answer-The restoration of blood
flow and oxygen to areas of the body recently suffering from ischemia.
What is compensatory hyperplasia? - Correct Answer-An adaptive mechanism that
enables certain organs to regenerate.
What is hormonal hyperplasia? - Correct Answer-Enlargement of estrogen dependent
organs such as the breasts and uterus.
ex. endometrium grows and thickens in preparation of ovum.
What is cellular metaplasia? - Correct Answer-Reversible replacement of one mature
cell type by another less mature cell type.
ex. smoking causes changes to lung cells.
What is cellular dysplasia? - Correct Answer-Abnormal changes in the size shape and
organization of mature cells.
(not considered a true adaptive process)
, Is dysplasia the same thing as caner? - Correct Answer-Although dysplasia functions
similar to cancer and is often located next to cancerous growths it doesn't indicate
cancer and may never progress to it.
What are the five progressive changes of a cell? - Correct Answer--atrophy
-hypertrophy
-hyperplasia
-metaplasia
-dysplasia
What is the transformation zone? - Correct Answer-Merging site of the 2 types of cells.
(common site for HPV changes)
List 8 chief cellular functions - Correct Answer-1. movement (muscle to bone causes
movement)
2. conductivity (electric response to stimuli)
3. metabolic absorption (taking and using nutrients)
4. secretion (mucus)
5. excretion (getting rid of waste)
6. respiration (taking in O2 for nutrients)
7. reproduction (tissue growth)
8. communication
What are the four ways cells adapt to their environment? - Correct Answer-1. atrophy
2. hypertrophy
3. hyperplasia
4. metaplasia
What is cellular atrophy? - Correct Answer-Decrease in cellular size and functional
components
ex. aging, early development(thymus gland)
What is cellular hypertrophy? - Correct Answer-The increase in the size of a cell in
response to mechanical stimuli.
ex. weightlifters
What is cellular hyperplasia? - Correct Answer-The increase in the number of cells due
to increased cellular division.
(response to injury)
