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MICR 221 - Final Exam (Banfield) questions with correct answers

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35 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Classroom

MICR 221 - Final Exam (Banfield) Questions Complete With Verified Answers Q.T/F: viruses always kill the host - ANSWERS-false; require a place to live Q.T/F: hosts fully kill all traces of virus - ANSWERS-false; by fully killing the virus, it enables new pathogens to enter Q.Example of Beneficial Host-Virus Relationships (2) - ANSWERS-1. Host - worm Virus - polydnavirus from wasp eggs (prevents destruction of eggs in worm) 2. HERVs (retrovirus) causes resi...

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28 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

IszackBd

Micr 221 - Module 1 Exam Questions With Correct Answers

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39 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

Lectphilip

Micr221 Exam Questions With Correct Answers

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5 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

Lectphilip

MICR 221 Exam Questions With Correct Answers.

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10 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

Lectphilip

MICR 221 - Final Exam (Banfield) Questions With Correct Answers

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39 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

Lectphilip

MICR 221 final exam questions with correct answers

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29 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

Lectphilip

MICR 221 - FINAL EXAM 2026 (BANFIELD) COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .T/F: viruses always kill the host - ANSWERS-false; require a place to live .T/F: hosts fully kill all traces of virus - ANSWERS-false; by fully killing the virus, it enables new pathogens to enter .Example of Beneficial Host-Virus Relationships (2) - ANSWERS- 1. Host - worm Virus - polydnavirus from wasp eggs (prevents destruction of eggs in worm) 2. HERVs (retrovirus) causes residual glycoprotein in...

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33 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

maingirose

MICR 221 - Midterm 2 Exam With Complete Solutions...

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29 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

Evergreenview

MICR 221 - Final Exam Questions Complete With Verified Answers Q.what is an HERV and what does it represent - ANSWERS-human endogenous retroviruses; represent footprints of ancient germline retroviral infections Q.viruses do not encode information for - ANSWERS-energy production, ribosomes, tRNAs (some exceptions), lipid membrane synthesis Q.each plaque represents - ANSWERS-one single "successful" viral infection Q.virion - ANSWERS-mature inf...

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21 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

IszackBd

MICR221 Exam Questions With Correct Answers. Describe the process of binary fission - answer1. Genetic material replicates itself while the cell elongates 2. Genetic material migrates to either end of the cell and the septum begins to form 3. Septum then completely forms and the cell begins to separate 4. Two identical daughter cells are formed How does population growth occur? - answerOccurs through binary fission, cell number increases exponentially Define the mean generation time - a...

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26 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Thebright

MICR221 Exam Questions With Correct Answers What type of aerobe needs 2-10% oxygen - answermicroaerobe what can bacteria use as sustained energy generation as well as ATP source - answerfermentation pathway relationship between persistence and resistence - answerafter anti biotic kill exponential numbers of bacteria, any bacteria that survived is persistent and can mutate to become geentically resistant what effect does hypoxia have on bacteria - answerdepletion of oxygen leads it to the...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Thebright

MICR221 Exam Questions With Correct Answers How do you tell if bacteria is dead or alive - answerCulturing it on an argar to see if it grows K-type strategist - answerSlow growing Food preserving Longer lasting r-type strategist - answerMuch faster growing bacteria, Wastes food faster than it can reproduce Latent infection - answerDormant infection of virus/bacteria until immune system in compromised -> lead to full blown infection What is persistence in bacteria and what are its ke...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Thebright

MICR 221 Midterm Exam Questions With Correct Answers Example of Infectious Disease in 1813 and now - answer1813: Napoleon's army in Leipzig had 220,000 out of 500,000 infected with illness like typhus and dysentery which led to his defeat Now: Haiti is in its 6th year of cholera that killed 10,000 and sickened 650,000 Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek () and what is he credited for? - answeris a haberdasher who is the first to describe microbes using microscopes that could magnify 50-300x; d...

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28 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Thebright

Micr 221 Exam Questions With Correct Answers Aerobic environment and aerobes environment - answerhigh oxygen (atmospheric, 21% O2) oxic environment Microaerobic environment and microaerophiles environment - answertrace oxygen (2-10% O2 or less) hypoxic environments Anaerobic envirnment and anaerobes environment - answerstrictly 0% O2 anoxic Environment facultative - answerif O2 is present it will use, if not then it won't use O2 Flexibility - answerability to adapt to a range of envir...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Thebright

MICR 221 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers AB toxins - Answer-They are two component protein complexes The A subunit has toxic (enzymatic) activity. B subunit binds to surface of host human cell and facilitates internalization of the A sub unit /.Adaptation of oral bacteria to challenging micro environments - Answer-early colonizers are exposed to a pH of 3-4 late in colonization, bacteria are present in an anoxic environment /.aerotolerant anaerobe - Answer-tolerate oxyge...

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26 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Brainariam

MICR 221 MIDTERM TEST QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ALL UPDATED! What are trace elements? - Answer-very little in media since they are present in sufficient amounts as contaminants of the major things being added to the media, cofactors for key enzymes, copper, cobalt, manganese, zinc, nickel How is the requirement for carbon, oxygen and hydrogen met? - Answer-add a single organic compound like glucose or protein What carbon source do autotrophs use; heterotrophs? - Answer-carbon dioxide; reduce...

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26 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Perfectscorer

MICR 221 TEST QUESTIONS WITH REVISED ANSWERS what happens in the investment phase - Answer-ATP used to phosphorylate sugar 6C sugar ring broken into two 3C chains What happens in the payoff phase - Answer-oxidations and removal of phosphate produced ATP and NADH Net Products of glycolysis - Answer-2 pyruvate 2 ATP 2 NADH products from pyruvate dehydrogenase - Answer-1 NADH products of 1 full cycle of TCA - Answer-3 NADH 1 GTP (converted to 1 ATP) 1 FADH2 (gives less ATP) ...

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5 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Perfectscorer

MICR 221 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ALL REVISED AND UPDATED Pneumonic plague - Answer-lung infection, can spread from human to human. When people cough, tiny droplets move through the air, Plague - Answer-1st use of quarantine, not very useful. killed one third of European population. First use of germ warfare Typhoid fever - Answer-transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated. Contain the bacterium Salmonella typhi and serotype typhi Fracastoro - Answer-Italian scientist...

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2 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Perfectscorer

MICR 221 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH ALL REVISED ANSWERS – UPDATED!! What is commensalism - Answer-a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed What is mutualism - Answer-a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit What is pathogenesis - Answer-a symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed (the pathogen may or may not grow outside of the host) What is parasitism - Answer-a symbiotic relationship in which one orga...

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26 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Perfectscorer