MICR 221 - Final Exam (Banfield) Questions
With Correct Answers
T/F: viruses always kill the host - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-false; require a
| | | | | | | | | | |
place to live | |
T/F: hosts fully kill all traces of virus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-false; by
| | | | | | | | | | | |
fully killing the virus, it enables new pathogens to enter
| | | | | | | | |
Example of Beneficial Host-Virus Relationships (2) - CORRECT
| | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-1. Host - worm | | |
Virus - polydnavirus from wasp eggs (prevents destruction of eggs in
| | | | | | | | | | |
worm) |
2. HERVs (retrovirus) causes residual glycoprotein in trophoblasts which
| | | | | | | | |
fuse to form syntitotrophoblast (leads to placental formation)
| | | | | | |
HERVs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-human endogenous retroviruses that
| | | | | | |
drive the evolution of the placenta
| | | | |
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
| | | | | |
A. Least amount of biological diversity in viruses relative to other
| | | | | | | | | | |
biological kingdoms |
,B. It is important to study virus/host interactions in order to defend
| | | | | | | | | | | |
against viruses |
C. Viruses are extracellular parasites
| | | |
D. Hosts fully kill all traces of viruses
| | | | | | |
E. Viruses kill of the host during infection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B
| | | | | | | | | |
CRISPER-Cas9 Genome Editing - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--bacterium | | | | | |
detects presence of virus DNA
| | | | |
-produces two short RNA (one contains sequence matching that of
| | | | | | | | | |
invading virus) |
-two RNA form complex with CAS 9 nuclease
| | | | | | |
-complex invades nucleus and locks to PAN sequence
| | | | | | |
-guide RNA (one with matching sequence to target) finds viral DNA
| | | | | | | | | |
-CAS 9 uses molecular scissors to cut out viral DNA enabling cell to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
repair cut (error prone) leading to mutations to disable gene
| | | | | | | | |
-crisper system cut = DNA template can pair up with cut ends and
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
replace with new error-free version
| | | |
T/F: the CRISPER Cas-9 genome editing system degrades only the viral
| | | | | | | | | | |
DNA gene - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-true via molecular scissors and
| | | | | | | | |
replaces with new error free one (guide RNA enables detection of viral
| | | | | | | | | | | |
DNA gene sequence)
| |
,Why are we not always sick by viruses infection? (3) - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-1. Host Defences (immune system) | | | |
2. Microbial Specificity (very few viruses that can interact with specific
| | | | | | | | | | |
human receptors) |
3. Inapparent Functions (no symptoms)
| | | |
T/F: Viruses are the most abundant biological entity in the oceans and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
second largest component of biomass after prokaryotes - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-true
Characteristics of a Virus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- very small size
| | | | | | | | | |
(typically not viewed via light microscope)
| | | | |
- produced from assembly of pre-formed components
| | | | | |
- virus particles do not grow
| | | | |
- do not encode info for energy production, ribosomes, tRNAs, or lipid
| | | | | | | | | | | |
membrane synthesis |
Which of the following is a characteristic of a virus?
| | | | | | | | |
A. growth
|
B. encoding info for energy production
| | | | |
C. contains rRNA and tRNA
| | | |
D. large size
| |
E. cannot synthesize lipid membranes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-E
| | | | | | |
, _______ is a massive virus, assembled from pre-formed components
| | | | | | | | |
that infects algae - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Mimivirus
| | | | |
5-Part Strategy for Virus Definition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Build
| | | | | | | | |
small particles containing nucleic acid genome
| | | | |
2. Small genomes
| |
3. Infectious cycle
| |
4. Relationship with host (benign or lethal)
| | | | | |
5. Overcome host defenses
| | |
T/F: viruses cannot contain viruses within them - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-false; i.e. Mimivirus containing microvirus, Sputnik | | | | |
Plaque Assay - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Way of determine how much
| | | | | | | | |
virus you have;
| |
quantitation of virus | |
________ is a technique used to quantify infectious virus production. -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Plaque Assay | |
General Method of Plaque Assay - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--performing
| | | | | | | |
10 fold dilutions of virus
| | | |
With Correct Answers
T/F: viruses always kill the host - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-false; require a
| | | | | | | | | | |
place to live | |
T/F: hosts fully kill all traces of virus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-false; by
| | | | | | | | | | | |
fully killing the virus, it enables new pathogens to enter
| | | | | | | | |
Example of Beneficial Host-Virus Relationships (2) - CORRECT
| | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-1. Host - worm | | |
Virus - polydnavirus from wasp eggs (prevents destruction of eggs in
| | | | | | | | | | |
worm) |
2. HERVs (retrovirus) causes residual glycoprotein in trophoblasts which
| | | | | | | | |
fuse to form syntitotrophoblast (leads to placental formation)
| | | | | | |
HERVs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-human endogenous retroviruses that
| | | | | | |
drive the evolution of the placenta
| | | | |
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
| | | | | |
A. Least amount of biological diversity in viruses relative to other
| | | | | | | | | | |
biological kingdoms |
,B. It is important to study virus/host interactions in order to defend
| | | | | | | | | | | |
against viruses |
C. Viruses are extracellular parasites
| | | |
D. Hosts fully kill all traces of viruses
| | | | | | |
E. Viruses kill of the host during infection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B
| | | | | | | | | |
CRISPER-Cas9 Genome Editing - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--bacterium | | | | | |
detects presence of virus DNA
| | | | |
-produces two short RNA (one contains sequence matching that of
| | | | | | | | | |
invading virus) |
-two RNA form complex with CAS 9 nuclease
| | | | | | |
-complex invades nucleus and locks to PAN sequence
| | | | | | |
-guide RNA (one with matching sequence to target) finds viral DNA
| | | | | | | | | |
-CAS 9 uses molecular scissors to cut out viral DNA enabling cell to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
repair cut (error prone) leading to mutations to disable gene
| | | | | | | | |
-crisper system cut = DNA template can pair up with cut ends and
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
replace with new error-free version
| | | |
T/F: the CRISPER Cas-9 genome editing system degrades only the viral
| | | | | | | | | | |
DNA gene - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-true via molecular scissors and
| | | | | | | | |
replaces with new error free one (guide RNA enables detection of viral
| | | | | | | | | | | |
DNA gene sequence)
| |
,Why are we not always sick by viruses infection? (3) - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-1. Host Defences (immune system) | | | |
2. Microbial Specificity (very few viruses that can interact with specific
| | | | | | | | | | |
human receptors) |
3. Inapparent Functions (no symptoms)
| | | |
T/F: Viruses are the most abundant biological entity in the oceans and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
second largest component of biomass after prokaryotes - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-true
Characteristics of a Virus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- very small size
| | | | | | | | | |
(typically not viewed via light microscope)
| | | | |
- produced from assembly of pre-formed components
| | | | | |
- virus particles do not grow
| | | | |
- do not encode info for energy production, ribosomes, tRNAs, or lipid
| | | | | | | | | | | |
membrane synthesis |
Which of the following is a characteristic of a virus?
| | | | | | | | |
A. growth
|
B. encoding info for energy production
| | | | |
C. contains rRNA and tRNA
| | | |
D. large size
| |
E. cannot synthesize lipid membranes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-E
| | | | | | |
, _______ is a massive virus, assembled from pre-formed components
| | | | | | | | |
that infects algae - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Mimivirus
| | | | |
5-Part Strategy for Virus Definition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Build
| | | | | | | | |
small particles containing nucleic acid genome
| | | | |
2. Small genomes
| |
3. Infectious cycle
| |
4. Relationship with host (benign or lethal)
| | | | | |
5. Overcome host defenses
| | |
T/F: viruses cannot contain viruses within them - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-false; i.e. Mimivirus containing microvirus, Sputnik | | | | |
Plaque Assay - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Way of determine how much
| | | | | | | | |
virus you have;
| |
quantitation of virus | |
________ is a technique used to quantify infectious virus production. -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Plaque Assay | |
General Method of Plaque Assay - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--performing
| | | | | | | |
10 fold dilutions of virus
| | | |
