Washington State University - Pullman Campus

Biology 102 Chapter 9 notes exploring the molecular basis of genes and heredity. Covers classic experiments by Griffith, Avery, Chargaff, Watson, Crick, and Franklin that revealed DNA as the genetic material. Includes explanations of DNA and RNA structure, base pairing, semiconservative replication, and key enzymes like helicase and DNA polymerase. Also discusses PCR, proofreading, DNA repair, and mutations that lead to genetic variation.

Biology 102 Chapter 8 notes on the chromosomal system of sex determination. Covers X- and Y-linked traits, genetic disorders, and chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter’s syndrome. Includes explanations of nondisjunction, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and changes in chromosome structure. Perfect for biology students studying human genetics, inheritance, and chromosome mutations.

Biology 102 Chapter 6 study notes covering the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and genetic variation. Includes detailed explanations of interphase, checkpoints, chromosome structure, and the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction. Perfect for college biology students preparing for exams on cell division, DNA replication, and heredity.

Biology 102 Chapter 7 notes on genetics, covering Mendel’s experiments, laws of segregation and independent assortment, Punnett squares, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, and extensions of Mendelian genetics. Includes explanations of dominance, codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis, and polygenic inheritance. Perfect study guide for understanding how traits are inherited and how genetic variation occurs in populations.

Cpts 122 Final Exam (WSU) questions and answers graded A+ passed

Fungi - Answer -heterotrophs that feed by absorption -breakdown organic material, complex compounds by excreting enzymes so the fungi can absorb Chitin - Answer -make up cell wall of fungi, structural material Hyphae - Answer -branching filament structure, mostly underground -main mode of vegetative growth Mycellum - Answer -a collective group of hyphae

Independent variable - Answer Value does not depend on another factor Dependent variable - Answer Value depends on another factor Controlled variable - Answer Kept the same throughout the experiment What are the two key tissues that allow plants to transport water or organic nutrients, respectively, over long distances? - Answer Xylem - water and minerals from roots to shoots Phloem - transports sugars from photosynthesis to where they are needed In the root, plants need...

The three basic plant organs, ________, are organized into_____________. - Answer Leaves, Stems, Roots; A shoot system and a root system Nodes - Answer The point at which leaves are attached Internodes - Answer The stem segments between nodes Root - Answer -An organ that anchors the plant into the ground -Absorbs minerals and water from the tip -Stores organic nutrients -Root hairs increase surface area and absorb most of the water and minerals Axillary Bud - Answer ...

What is the difference between blood and hemolymph - Answer Blood is contained to vessels and is distinct from interstitial fluid whereas hemolymph acts as both blood and interstitial fluid What are the major types of blood vessels - Answer Arteries: carry blood from the heart to organs throughout the body Capillaries: microscopic vessels with very thin, porous walls Veins: the vessels that carry blood back to the heart What adaptations allow an animal to use diffusion across...

Positive Feedback Loop - Answer Moves a system away from its equilibrium state and make it more unstable Negative Feedback Loop - Answer A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving Endocrine System - Answer The system responsible for hormones Steps in a simple pathway - Answer Reception Transduction Response Steps in a cascade pathway - Answer A stimulus (first messenger) activity on a receptor that is transduced t...