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PSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers When someone gets minor criticism on an essay and assumes they'll fail the class, what is this an example of? overgeneralization Among the following options, who would be the most likely to develop an alcohol use disorder in the future? an 11 year old who drinks when with other family members How many symptoms must a person display to meet the criteria for a substance use disorder? 2 Persistent depressive disorder differs from major depr...
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PSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers According to Thorndike's law of effect, a subject will repeat a behavior if a. a reflex response is elicited. b. it is intrinsically motivating. c. it offers pleasant consequences. d. the stimulus is strong enough. - C How did Skinner think that operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning? a. He believed operant conditioning is reflexive. b. He believed classical reinforcement is unethical. c. He believed operant behavior is...
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PSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers The slot machine is programmed on a variable ratio schedule. The player has a better chance of being reinforced if they_______ Deposit 0 coins Every time Joey goes to the dentist, he becomes inconsolable. So the dentist decides to offer Joey a toy during every visit. This intervention is known as ________ Counterconditioning Which of the following serves as evidence that a conditioned response (CR) is never unlearned? The fact that an extingu...
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PSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers retinal ganglion cells send fibers directly to all of the following except the: - hippocampus the genes for wavelength sensitive pigments in visual receptors are found on the _____ chromosome. This is the reason that color blindness is more prevalent in _____. - X; men which of the following types of retinal cells from synapses with the cone photoreceptors? - bipolar cells which of the following cortical areas are involved in the perception of mo...
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PSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam2 questions and answers Forced Choice - two more more specific response options e.g. "choose the statement that best describes you" Forced Choice (Pros & Cons) - (pro) get people to choose a response (con) you make them choose, not accurately reflecting thoughts Open Ended Questions - designed to encourage full, meaningful answer using subject's own knowledge/feelings e.g. "what word do you think will come next? The man in the coat was ____" Open En...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers david hume Distinguished between impressions and ideas. Introspection (Wilhelm Wundt) to look within ex: describe an experience Problems of introspection 1. not testable 2. bias 3. subjectivity 4. language transcendental method (immanuel kant) -start with observable events - reason backwards from observations to determine the underlying cause Behaviorism stimulus and response to stimulus advantages of behaviorism systematic ob...
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psych 310 Exam1 questions and answers
Newpsych 310 Exam1 questions and answers -Know the theory-data cycle - -Theory: leads researchers to pose particular... -Research Questions: which lead to an appropriate... -Research Design. In the context of the design, researchers formulate... -Hypotheses. Researchers then collect and analyze... -Data, which feed back into the cycle. -Understand how the Harlow's monkeys experiment applied the theory-data cycle - theories contrasted: does bonding occur because of food or comfort? (comfort) -E...
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Psych 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPsych 310 Exam1 questions and answers Elicited Behaviors - involuntary responses to specific stimuli Reflexes - Ex: when a doctor taps your knee with a reflex hammer, your leg kicks out. Fixed Action Patterns (FAPs) - a stereotyped, instinctive behavior sequence that occurs in response to a specific stimulus and runs to completion once triggered, even if the original stimulus is removed. Ex: A goose rolling any round object into its nest, not just its egg. Habituation - decreasing ...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers biological psychology - behavioral neuroscience. Is the study of biological bases of psychological processes and behaviors neuroscience - study of the nervous system Five major perspectives used to study the biology of behavior - 1) describing behavior 2)studying evolution of behavior 3) observing the development of behavior over the life span 4) studying biological mechanisms of behavior 5) studying applications of biological psychology, as ...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers What is cognitive psychology (in general)? The scientific study of mental processes (perception, attention, memory, language, thinking) inferred from behavior. What topics did Aristotle study that relate to cognition? Perception, memory, mental imagery, and how humans acquire knowledge. David Hume: what did he distinguish between "Ideas" and "impressions." Who helped start "modern" psychology in the 1870s? Wilhelm Wundt an...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers What does a nominal scale measure? - Categories with no numeric scales, such as left/right handedness. What is an example of an ordinal scale? - Ranking restaurants by stars (two-, three-, or four-star). What distinguishes an interval scale? - Numeric properties are literal and assume equal intervals between values. What is a key feature of a ratio scale? - It has a true zero point that indicates the absence of the variable measured. What does...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers What is cognitive psychology (in general)? The scientific study of mental processes (perception, attention, memory, language, thinking) inferred from behavior. What topics did Aristotle study that relate to cognition? Perception, memory, mental imagery, and how humans acquire knowledge. David Hume: what did he distinguish between "Ideas" and "impressions." Who helped start "modern" psychology in the 1870s? Wilhelm Wundt an...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers Cognitive Psychology - The study of mental processes like perception, memory, thinking, and attention. Introspection - A method where people describe their own conscious thoughts/feelings to study the mind. Behaviorism - A psychology approach that focuses on observable behavior and how it changes in response to stimuli. Stimulus-Response (S-R) - The idea that behavior is explained by a stimulus causing a response. Transcendental Method (Kant)...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers the 4 Ds of psychopathology deviace: behaviors, thoughts, feelings (different from social/cultural norms) distress: feeling unpleasant and upset by symptoms dysfunction: interfering with daily living danger: harming themselves or others norms a societies stated and unstated rules for proper conduct culture a peoples common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology describe the role of culture and social and cultural effect...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers the 4 Ds of psychopathology deviace: behaviors, thoughts, feelings (different from social/cultural norms) distress: feeling unpleasant and upset by symptoms dysfunction: interfering with daily living danger: harming themselves or others norms a societies stated and unstated rules for proper conduct culture a peoples common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology describe the role of culture and social and cultural effect...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers Elicited Behaviors - Involuntary responses to specific stimuli Reflexes - Example of Elicited Behavior An automatic response to a stimulus via the reflex arc. Ex. pulling your hand away from the heat of a hot stove Fixed Action Patterns - Example of Elicited Behavior A fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus (sign stimulus) and exaggerated responses elicited by more salient stimuli (Super sign stimuli) Ex. Goose egg retrie...
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PSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam1 questions and answers scientific investigations are characterized by 3 criteria... - 1. systematic empiricism 2. empirically solvable questions 3. publicly verified knowledge systematic empiricism - measured and planned observation empirically solvable questions - answered by current technology/techniques publicly verifiable knowledge - peer reviewed and replicated research ______ must be met to be considered science - 3 criteria of scientific investigation ways ...
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PSYCH 310 Exam questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam questions and answers Variable Something that can change or vary in a study Indepenent varaible the variable the researcher manipulates (the cause) Dependent variable the variable that is measured (the effect) Define Operational the exact procedures used to measure or manipulate a variable What is an experimental study A study that manipulates an independent variables and uses control to examine its effect What is a non experimental study a study that measu...
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PSYCH 310 Exam questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam questions and answers What are the five methods of knowledge acquisition Intuition, authority, rationalism, empiricism, and the scientific method. What is intuition? guts, emotion, instincts to guide us. Involves believing what feels true, rather than examining facts. It can driven by cognitive or motivational biases and does not involve scientific evidence. Authority? examples of authority figures? An example of why we something follow authority blindly? New info fr...
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PSYCH 310 Exam questions and answers
NewPSYCH 310 Exam questions and answers Distinguish measured from manipulated variables in a study. - Measured variable: records of behavior or attitudes (self-reports, behavioral observations, physiological measures). No manipulation of variables, just recording what happens. Manipulated variable: variable that is controlled and participants are assigned to different levels What is selection bias? How does it affect internal validity? - When the participants in the groups are systemat...
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