- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is Geology? - Answer-In its broadest sense, geology is the study of Earth — its interior and its exterior surface, the rocks and other materials that are around us, the processes that have resulted in the formation of those materials, the water that flows over the surface and lies underground, the changes that have taken place over the vastness of geological time, and the changes that we can anticipate will take place in the near future. Igneous rocks for from? - Answer-magma A mine...

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7 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Geologists have been on a quest to drill down to the mantle for several decades. The goal is to learn more about volcanoes, earthquakes, and how the planet works. The deepest hole so far is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia. Over 20 years, a team drilled down 40,230 feet. That's only halfway to the mantle in that spot. The team encountered unexpectedly high temperatures that ruined their equipment. In addition, high pressure caused the rocks to ooze and fill the borehole over and over. Ho...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Prepare for the Professional Geologist Exam 2026/2027 with 50 practice questions and answers designed to reinforce essential geology knowledge. Review mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, stratigraphy, hydrogeology, geologic mapping, and environmental geology. Detailed rationales explain key concepts, strengthen technical understanding, and support focused licensing exam preparation with a structured practice resource.

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14 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

StudyGuideSolutions

PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGIST (PG) CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION Practice of Geology (PG) Examination – ASBOG 2026–2027 Testing Cycle

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44 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

SharpHub

GEOL200 questions with complete answers 2025.

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9 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

PageTurners

Renewable Resources - Answer-Can be replaced as fast as it is being used Take hours or centuries to replace Example: Biomass, clean water inexhaustible resource - Answer-Never runs out! Example: Solar energy, wind, water Non-Renewable (exhaustible) - Answer-Fixed amount Cannot be replaced as fast as it is used Examples: Fossil fuels, mineral resources The lifetime of mineral supplies depend on what factors? - Answer-1. Production rates (availability, technology) 2. Consumption ra...

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12 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

When water contacts pyrite at the earth's surface, the runoff is commonly: - Answer-Acidic In an eolian sand aquifer, hydraulic conductivity would be expected to generally: - Answer-Be uniform Which of the following pairs likely would be composed of sediments with DIFFERENT grain size and sorting characteristics? - Answer-Outwash plain - end moraine It has been determined that a prospective strippable reserve contains 1000 acres (1 acre = 43,560 sq. ft.) of lignite in beds averaging ...

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8 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Role of Engineering Geologist - Answer--technical analysis of earth materials and risk assessment of geologic hazards -geologic factors that affect engineering -assess integrity of soils, rock, and ground water -advice procedures and materials -communicate with the public Route to become Engineering Geologist - Answer-MS --> 2-3 yrs of experience to get PG +7 yrs of engineering geology experience to get CEG Route to become geotech engineer - Answer-MS--> 2-3 yrs of experience to...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Apparent Dip - Answer-The Inclination of a plane measured in a direction *not* perpendicular to strike. Apparent Dip Direction - Answer-The bearing of the vertical plane containing the apparent dip angle. Attitude - Answer-The orientation in space. ß - Answer-The angle between strike and apparent dip direction. Bearing - Answer-The horizontal angle between a line and a specified coordinate direction, usually north or south. Depth - Answer-The vertical distance from the ground sur...

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16 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

silicates - Answer-any one of the numerous minerals that contain the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron as their basic structure. -account for more than 90% of earth's crust -iron, aluminum, gypsum, plaster for drywall. Oxides - Answer-metals bonded to oxygen -An oxide /ˈɒksaɪd/ is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula Olivine - Answer-family of high-temperature silicate minerals that are black to olive green in color and ...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Three Parts of field Geology - Answer-Stratigraphy, Structure, Geologic history Stratigraphy - Answer-the sequence and conditions of formation of the rock units Structure - Answer-the three dimensional geometric arrangement of the rock units Geologic history - Answer-The sequence of geologic events that produced the observed stratigraphy and structure To be a professional geologist, you need two objectives - Answer-Basic Techniques of field geology and an understanding of the philoso...

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9 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

List the different ways that a stream can erode its channel. - Answer-Quarrying~ removal of blocks from the bed of a channel Abrasion~ bed and banks of a bedrock are bombarded by particles carried into the flow. What is an incised meander? - Answer-~ Meanders in steep, narrow valleys ~ Caused by a drop in base level or uplift of the region What is the order of deposition, according to particle size, as a stream slows down and starts dropping its load? - Answer-Called sorting.. Starts wi...

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8 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Be able to distinguish between physical and historical geology. - Answer-• Physical geology - examines the materials composing Earth and seeks to understand the many processes that operate beneath and upon its surface. • Historical geology - seeks an understanding of the origin of Earth and its development through time. Be able to define the terms: theory, hypothesis, natural law, science - Answer-• Theory - a well-tested and widely accepted view that the scientific community agrees be...

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7 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Magma with high silica content tends to be - Answer-very viscous magma with low silica content tends to be - Answer-very fluid submarine eruptions of volcanoes - Answer-form pillow basalts which type of volcano is commonly composed of andesite - Answer-composite volcano an igneous rock made of pyroclasts has a texture called - Answer-fragmental the largest known shield volcanoes on Earth occur in - Answer-Hawaii Mafic igneous rocks contain - Answer-50% silica, MG and iron tw...

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10 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Prelude- Which of the following statements is true? Choose one: A. The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are, together, called the lithosphere. B. Plate tectonics theory explains how crust moves around on the outer core. C. The lithosphere lies below the asthenosphere. D. Plates are made of only crust. - Answer-A. The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are, together, called the lithosphere. Prelude- Geology Choose one: A. stands alone and does not incorporate other...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

may be just a broad, gentle swelling out at sea but grows as it approaches shore. (Tsunamis are caused by volcanic or seismic activity or by undersea landslides, can be up to 30 meters high, and can be cross entire ocean basins.) - Answer-A tsunami... a) is a special kind of tidal wave caused by the gravitational attraction of the Sun not the Moon. b) can get big but never bigger than 30 feet high. c) is dangerous near its source but dies out within about 200 miles. d) may be ju...

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80 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Rocks belonging to the sedimentary group always consist of rock and/or mineral particles from pre-existing rocks. - Answer-False The study of geology is not related to such contemporary issues as acid rain because it deals with timescales of millions and billions of years. - Answer-False The rock cycle is an illustration of three different rock types and Question options: A) their environments of formation B) their potential change over time C) their relation to internal and externa...

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9 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

Which of the following disciplines study the origin and evolution of planet Earth over the last 4.6 billion years? - Answer-historical geology Which of the Earth's four "spheres" is the largest? - Answer-geosphere What is the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere? - Answer-The lithosphere is more rigid than the asthenosphere Which of the following belongs to the biosphere? - Answer--tropical rain forests -coral reefs What are the two principal divisions o...

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11 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

How is the percent porosity of an aquifer calculated? - Answer-porosity= volume of pore space/total volume of rock Write Darcy's Law and identify terms. - Answer-Q = KIA where Q= ground water discharge (m3/day) K= hydraulic conductivity (permeability)(m/day) I = hydraulic gradient (ratio)(delta/L) A= cross - sectional area aquifer - Answer-a body of rock or sediment that stores, filters, and transmits water via opening within rock sediment consolidated aquifer - Answer-Develop...

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11 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

geology - Answer-Study of the earth, on how materials are made Baby Dinosaur fossil - Answer-bandlands Paleontology - Answer-a science dealing with prehistoric life through the study of fossils climatologist - Answer-A person who studies the different climates. speleologist - Answer-A professional scientist who studies caves, and collect water samples in caves Volcanologist - Answer-a scientist who studies volcanoes Seismologist - Answer-Study the magnitude of earthquakes Pe...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy

River/stream processes in the correct sequence as their occurrence in nature? - Answer-weathering, erosion, transport, deposition The general term for clay, silt, and sand deposited by running water - Answer-Alluvium Watersheds boundaries are called - Answer-Drainage divides Stream drainage patterns are determined by - Answer-differing rock resistance, slope, climatic and hydrologic variability As the discharge of a stream increases, what also happens? - Answer-Width, depth, and velo...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

lectknancy