- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

BIOC 3021: Carbohydrates Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved Monosaccharides - (CH2O)n (n=3 or more) examples: glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose and deoxyribose Oligosaccharides - consist of two to ten monosaccharides examples: sucrose, lactose and maltose Polysaccharides - -Polymers of monosaccharides that contain hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide units -May be linear or branched polymers examples: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin a-d-glucopyranose - Ex. monosaccharides...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021- Exam #3 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ Catabolism - Processes that break down food for energy and building blocks -Example: glycolysis Anabolism - Processes that use energy and building blocks to make molecules we need -Example: photosynthesis Sun - All life depends on the energy acquired from the _________. -Light energy is absorbed during photosynthesis, which promotes electrons to higher energy orbitals (excited state) -Excited electrons store energy and c...

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19 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021: Lecture 9 Exam Q&A Already Graded A+ | Latest Update Albumin - 1. Normal concentration of about 4000 mg/100 ml 2. Help stabilize the osmotic pressure of the blood—in this capacity. 3. Can bind 7 fatty acids during their transport through the blood. Alpha-globin - 1. Concentration of 2500 mg/100 ml 2. Include various lipoproteins, protease inhibitors, and proteins that function as hormone inhibitors and in ion transport. Beta-globin - 1. Concentration of about 1000 mg/100 ml....

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Workshop 2 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ Why does a plot of V vs S taper off and eventually reach a plateau at higher S levels? - - When S levels are high, the M-M plot actually approaches a limiting value of Vmax. - At high (S), where V approximates Vmax, virtually all of the enzyme active sites are occupied by substrate. - The addition of more S would not significantly increase the rate of reaction, because the rate of reaction is limited by the total active s...

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7 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 UMN: Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+ inter mitochondria membrane - e- transport and oxidative phosphorylation occur here oxidative proton pumps - hydrogen ion gradient created by catabolic pathways - usually oxidative, usually release energy anabolic pathways - synthetic, usually involve reduction, use energy gamma and beta phosphates - terminal phosphates of ATP, release hight amounts of energy upon hydrolysis adipose tissue - storehouse for fat in the for...

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11 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 UMN Exam 2 (Lectures 7-12) Q&A Already Graded A+ competitive inhibitor - binds to active site competes with substrate will raise apparent Km will not alter Vmax Vmax - at high substrate, a competitive inhibitor will not alter this non-competitive inhibitor - binds to distant site doesn't compete with substrate will not alter apparent Km will alter Vmax enantiomers - non-superimposable mirror images epimers - stereoisomers that differ in stereochemistry at one chiral car...

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12 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 UMN Exam 2 Q&A Already Graded A+ | Approved & Verified Proteins that can be classified according to the type and arrangement of secondary structure - (a) Antiparallel α-helix proteins (b) Parallel or mixed β-sheet proteins (c) Antiparallel β-sheet proteins (d) Metal- and disulfide-rich proteins Protein Domains or Modules - amino acid sequences that are used repeatedly in the same protein or that are found in different proteins How many proteins domains? - 40-100 Step 1 of...

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17 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Practice Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ A buffer solution is made from a weak acid, HA (pKa 6.0) and its conjugate base A-. What is the ratio of the base A- to the acid HA at pH 5.0? - pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA] 5 = 6 + log[A-]/[HA] -1 = log [A-]/[HA] 10^-1 = ratio raio = 0.1 Which of these elements is the least common in organic compounds within living cells? a) C b) F

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Lecture 1 Review Exam Q&A Already Graded A+ | Latest Update What are the six most common elements present as covalent components of bioorganic compounds? - Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus What are covalent bonds, and how strong and permanent are they relative to other bonds in living organisms? - Covalent bonds share electrons between the two atoms. They are the strongest type of bond and are relatively permanent in living organisms. What is the differen...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ tRNA - Transfer RNA Decodes mRNA into a protein Functions at the ribosome during Translation rRNA - Ribosomal RNA Essential for protein synthesis Predominant material in a ribosome (60%) Catalyzes polypeptide formation (Ribozyme) mRNA - Messanger RNA Conveys genetic info from DNA to ribosome Specifies the amino acid sequence of protein products Which type of RNA catalyzes the synthesis of proteins? - rRNA What enzyme compl...

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19 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Exam 4, UMN Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Base Pairing - 2 nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds Hydrogen bonding of base pairs - requires geometrical correspondence of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors allow only the "right" pairs to form stable interactions Double Bonded BPs - A and T - bond between the amino H and carbonyl O - bond between the ring NH and the ring N Triple Bonded BPs - G and C - bond b...

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65 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Exam 4 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ Which process requires a template? Select one: a. DNA replication b. Transcription of DNA to RNA c. Translation of RNA to protein d. Reverse transcription of RNA to DNA e. All of the above - e. All of the above Exons are (Select one): a. Segments of a gene which do not code for a protein b. Segments of a gene which code for a protein c. Segments of mRNA that are excised from the message d. Segments of protein that are in...

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12 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

Bioc 3021 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Latest Update Michaelis- Menten Equation - The velocity of an enzyme reaction (V) is equal to the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) times the substrate concentration (S) divided by substrate concentration plus the Michaelis constant ( Km) increases - Rate of product formation ____________ as the initial substrate concentration is raised. Velocity - How rapidly product is being formed by the reaction Vmax - Fastest reaction rate possibl...

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19 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+ If a noncompetitive inhibitor is added to an enzyme reaction then: a. The Vmax increases and the Km decreases b. The Vmax decreases and the Km increases c. The Vmax stays the same and the Km decreases d. The Vmax stays the same and the Km increases e. The Vmax decreases and the Km stays the same - e. The Vmax decreases and the Km stays the same If a competitive inhibitor is added to an enzyme reaction then: a. The Vmax incre...

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9 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ In addition to the basic ES intermediate in an enzyme reaction, what other types of intermediates are formed and why are these intermediates so important? - Transition states occur in enzyme reactions that are important in product stabilization and changes in energy. Why would researchers try to determine the initial rate of enzyme activity (V0) at a very early time point in the reaction? What happens later in the reaction? W...

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41 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

Bioc 3021 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ maltose and glycogen - Alpha-1-4-linkages are present in: chair and boat forms - What is an example of a conformational difference? acetal - The O-glycosidic bond linking two monosaccharide units is the equivalent to the bond found in a/an: polyisoprenoids - Which of the following classes of lipids include some of the lipid soluble vitamins? they are saturated - Which of the following is NOT true about trans fatty acids? p...

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8 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 EXAM 1 REVIEW SHEETS Questions with 100% Correct Answers What are the six most common elements present as covalent components of bioorganic compounds? - H, O, N, C, S, P, Cl What are covalent bonds, and how strong and permanent are they relative to other bonds in living organisms? - Covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons between two species. Non polar covalent bonds are the strongest What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? What combinations of ato...

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43 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Exam 1 Lecture 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ Most abundant elements in living organisms - Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur Number of essential minerals for body function - 17 Strength of covalent bonds - Strongest bonds in biomolecules Covalent bond - An electron is shared between atoms Ionic bond - An electron is donated between atoms Hydrogen bond - the H takes on a partial positive charge and the electronegative atom takes on a parti...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Chapter 11 Review Set Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved Sterols - as hormones. have a perhydrocyclopentaneophenanthrene ring structure. not aromatic and not planar Fatty acids - linear hydrocarbons with 1 carboxyl group at one end and many methylene groups in the side chain. generally have even number of C because they are synthesized and degraded 2 C at a time. most range from 12-24 C hydrophobic character increases as the chain length increases double bonds increases t...

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19 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY

BIOC 3021 Unit 3 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ When glucose is metabolized to carbon dioxide what percentage of the available energy is captured as chemical energy in the form of ATP? - 30% Catabolic pathways such as glycolysis often trap energy in the biochemical intermediates: - NADH, ATP Which biochemical intermediate is the most oxidized? - CO2 Which single reaction in glycolysis is bypassed by two reactions in gluconeogenesis? - conversion of PEP to pyruvate by...

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2 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

JOSHCLAY