- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Blood is considered what kind of tissue? Liquid tissue. Blood is made up of two major components, what are they? Plasma and cellular components Plasma makes up what percentage of blood? 55% of blood Plasma is made up MAINLY of.... it is made up mainly of water What else makes up plasma besides water? Ions Organic Molecules (AA, proteins, glucose, lipids, nitrogenous waste) Trace elements and vitamins Dissolved gases (CO2, O2) Dissolved gases make up what percent of blood? 10% of blood is...

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7 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Sarcomere The basic unit of muscle contraction. A unit of proteins between Z-discs Thin Filaments (actin, tropomyosin, troponin) Thick Filaments (myosin) Stabilizer proteins (titin, nebula) Sequential events of contraction Ca+ binds to troponin> moves tropomyosin exposing actin> 1. Cross bridging myosin to actin 2. Power stroke ADP & P released 3. Detachment binding of ATP 4. Cocking of myosin head ATP split into ADP & P Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Similarities Microscopically similar ...

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8 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

If someone gets hit hard in the head - why do they sometimes perceive light? A hit to the head sometimes creates an artifical AP in the cones of the eye, making it like they see light (according to some dudes quizlet.) abnormally trigger AP dude to law of specific nerve energies. transduce change environmental info into Action Potentials modality form of info (light, sound ect.) Know the six basic groups of receptors 1) Chemoreceptors: sense chemical stimuli 2) Photoreceptors: transduce light...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Structure of the human heart -Heart has 4 chambers -2 atria receive blood from Venous system -2 Ventricles pump blood to arteries -2 Sides of heart are 2 pumps separated by muscular septum. What is the beats per minute of the average heart: 75 bpm What is the ml/beat of the average heart: 70 ml/beat What is the systemic blood pressure value? 120 mmhg What is the pulmonary blood pressure value? 12-14 mmhg Tricuspid valve in the heart squeezes blood into the lower ventricles on the right side...

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12 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Dissolved Gases (Plasma) Makes up a portion of the plasma in the blood, includes carbon dioxide and oxygen Large Plasma Proteins (Plasma) Makes up a portion of the plasma in the blood, more specifically made up of the proteins: albumins, globulins and fibrinogen Small/Soluble blood components i.e. antibodies (Plasma) contains water, ions, trace elements and vitamins, and organic molecules (amino acids, proteins, lipids, glucose, and nitrogenous waste) Formed Elements, AKA cellular elements (P...

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5 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Cardiac output (CO) cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute. Cardiac output is directly related to heart rate and stroke volume, normally 5.25 L/min CO = HR x SV End diastolic volume (EDV) volume of blood in ventricles at end diastole - one of the variables that go into SV Stroke volume (SV) the amount of blood pumped/ejected by each ventricle with each heartbeat, averaging 70 ml per beat in the adult at rest 3 variables: - EDV - Total peripheral resist...

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12 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Skeleton provides __ and __ for the body. Support; Articulation Skeletal muscle are connected to the bones by __, which are strong bundles of __ fibers. Tendons; Collagen Skeletal muscle is composed of long, __ cells called __ grouped into ___. Multinucleate; Fibers; Fascicles __ or __ muscles usually work __. Two or more; Antagonistically An AP in a motor neuron induces an AP in all the muscle fibers it innervates by releasing __ into the NMJ. This muscle AP causes a brief increase in the i...

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8 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Describe a neuron. What is a nerve? Starts with the dendrites and goes to the cell body then down the axon, which is covered in the myelin sheaths (dont forget nodes of ranvier), then down to the axon terminal. "Nerves" are bundles of neurons What is different between sensory/afferent and motor/efferent neurons? Are both found in nerves Sensory/ afferent neurons conduct impulses in CNS Motor/ Efferent neurons carry impulses out of CNS. (Somatic and autonomic) How do cells signal one another...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Cardiac output (CO) heart rate * stroke volume (HR x SV) Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute. Cardiac output is directly related to heart rate and stroke volume. End diastolic volume (EDV) The maximum amount of blood in the ventricles occurs at the end of ventricular relaxation (diastole- heart chamber fills) stretches sarcomeres back to ideal resting length ~135 mL Stroke volume (SV) amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles SV = EDV- ESV...

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5 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

BIO 436 FINAL OLD EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!

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12 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

amzingnurse

BIO 436 FINAL OLD EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!

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11 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

EvaTee