Differentiate age-related symptoms that are both irritative and obstructive in nature.
Match each symptom below as either irritative or obstructive.
urgency that result from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
urinary frequency
nocturia
postvoid dribbling
incomplete emptying
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, Irritative
urgency that result from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
urinary frequency
nocturia
Obstructive
postvoid dribbling
incomplete emptying
The relay station in the brain that plays a major role in regulating micturition is:
Pontine micturition center.
Hypothalamic relay center.
The frontal lobe.
The cerebellum.
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Pontine micturition center.
Decreased circulating PTH results in decreased serum calcium levels and decreased
serum phosphate levels.
True
False
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False (Serum phosphate levels increase.)
Presenting Symptoms
1. Hypoglycemia
2. DKA
,3. HHNKS
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Presenting Symptoms
1. Adrenergic reaction:
pallor, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, hunger, restlessness, anxiety,
tremors
Neurogenic reaction:
fatigue, irritability, headache, loss of concentration, visual disturbances,
dizziness, hunger, confusion, transient sensory or motor defects,
convulsions, coma, death
2. Malaise, dry mouth, headache, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, nausea,
vomiting, pruritus, abdominal pain, lethargy, shortness of breath, Kussmaul
respirations, fruity or acetone odor to breath
3. Polyuria, polydipsia, hypovolemia, dehydration (parched lips, poor skin
turgor), hypotension, tachycardia, hypoperfusion, weight loss, weakness,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypothermia, stupor, coma, seizures
Pre-Renal
1. Pre-renal is the
2. Various causes include
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, 1. most common cause of acute renal failure (ARF).2.
reduced blood flow/volume depletion-diuretics, polyuria-
diabetes, vomiting and diarrhea, skin loss of fluid from burn
or hemorrhage.
Hypoperfusion-There is enough blood and fluid, but the
patient cannot perfuse from decreased cardiac output seen
in HF/myocardial infarction and from Atherosclerosis of the
renal artery to causing stenosis.
Third-spacing from heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic
syndrome results in hypoperfusion. Protein is lost due to
decreased oncotic pressure that causes the third-spacing.
Which of the following signs would indicate that the patient with cirrhosis has a high
bilirubin level?
Dark brown stool.
Hematuria.
Dark brown urine.
Dark, tarry stool.
Dark brown urine.
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Dark brown urine.
1. Two factors typically lead to UI urinary incontinence
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1. over-contraction of the detrusor muscle. This can cause overflow of the
urinary system, causing the release of urine. With too much detrusor muscle
contraction, the individual has the need to urinate that results in urge
incontinence.
Match each symptom below as either irritative or obstructive.
urgency that result from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
urinary frequency
nocturia
postvoid dribbling
incomplete emptying
Give this one a try later!
, Irritative
urgency that result from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
urinary frequency
nocturia
Obstructive
postvoid dribbling
incomplete emptying
The relay station in the brain that plays a major role in regulating micturition is:
Pontine micturition center.
Hypothalamic relay center.
The frontal lobe.
The cerebellum.
Give this one a try later!
Pontine micturition center.
Decreased circulating PTH results in decreased serum calcium levels and decreased
serum phosphate levels.
True
False
Give this one a try later!
False (Serum phosphate levels increase.)
Presenting Symptoms
1. Hypoglycemia
2. DKA
,3. HHNKS
Give this one a try later!
Presenting Symptoms
1. Adrenergic reaction:
pallor, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, hunger, restlessness, anxiety,
tremors
Neurogenic reaction:
fatigue, irritability, headache, loss of concentration, visual disturbances,
dizziness, hunger, confusion, transient sensory or motor defects,
convulsions, coma, death
2. Malaise, dry mouth, headache, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, nausea,
vomiting, pruritus, abdominal pain, lethargy, shortness of breath, Kussmaul
respirations, fruity or acetone odor to breath
3. Polyuria, polydipsia, hypovolemia, dehydration (parched lips, poor skin
turgor), hypotension, tachycardia, hypoperfusion, weight loss, weakness,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypothermia, stupor, coma, seizures
Pre-Renal
1. Pre-renal is the
2. Various causes include
Give this one a try later!
, 1. most common cause of acute renal failure (ARF).2.
reduced blood flow/volume depletion-diuretics, polyuria-
diabetes, vomiting and diarrhea, skin loss of fluid from burn
or hemorrhage.
Hypoperfusion-There is enough blood and fluid, but the
patient cannot perfuse from decreased cardiac output seen
in HF/myocardial infarction and from Atherosclerosis of the
renal artery to causing stenosis.
Third-spacing from heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic
syndrome results in hypoperfusion. Protein is lost due to
decreased oncotic pressure that causes the third-spacing.
Which of the following signs would indicate that the patient with cirrhosis has a high
bilirubin level?
Dark brown stool.
Hematuria.
Dark brown urine.
Dark, tarry stool.
Dark brown urine.
Give this one a try later!
Dark brown urine.
1. Two factors typically lead to UI urinary incontinence
Give this one a try later!
1. over-contraction of the detrusor muscle. This can cause overflow of the
urinary system, causing the release of urine. With too much detrusor muscle
contraction, the individual has the need to urinate that results in urge
incontinence.
