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Class notes

Ecology and evolution final preparation

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This document contains a summary of discussions 6 to 13 of the course ecology and evolution. A course given at the college Dawson and other institutions.

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Discussion 12
IntroductiontoecologyandBiomes


1 4 ecology factorsimpact geographiccontribution ofspecies
Ï IL à majorbiomes climate climatisation




Ecology scientificstudyinteractions between organisms andenvironment




FÉFÉ
IEnEEEEuaii
larguatamineabysaareneux
animae earthmovement inspace
latitudinalvariations inclimate
Climate longtermweatherconditions in an area
warmeffectofsuncausesevaporation
anmovement ofairandwater causes
4majorabiotic components
3 Precipitation
perature 4 sunlight
variations insunlight 2 Climateaffectedbytemporalvariation in
suffignᵗ Bàngtiffin di tribution
of solarvariationseasons
lighthitearthaffectintensity tiltoftheearthaxisofrotation anualpassage
lightintensityis strongest intropicsbecausesunlighthitsmore around sun season ability aroundsun

ÜËËÉ n'enfrePInfÉonsaspEînᵗ
Et pas 559ᵉ
3 Atmospheric circulation
air flowsaroundearth Polarcell Ferrelcell Hadleycell
largerscalemovementofair
aCold air weightmorethanhotair
bAirpressure atsealevelovertopofmontain

p Sc
Laâme or
4 Oceancurrents
airmassesflowfromtropicstopoles
5 Mountains
OceanCurrents lakesmoderate climateofterrestrialenv

ÉTÉ
à
III
Précipitationvariation in terrestrialecosystems 2 Precipitation
Airriseovermountain cool 6C400
onwindwardside
3RainShadow
Airpassedpeakdryairdescendon
leewardside
Airthatdescendbecomeswarmcrea
littleprecipitation
morevegetation onthewest facing
slope

Structureanddistribution ofterrestrialbiomes
Biomesmajorlifezones a vegetationterrestrialbiomes
bphysicalenvironment aquaticbiomes

, large land area with groupof organisms adapted totheirenvi

Raifafter my terrestrialbiomesfoundin certain are
IEgnᵗpTina
Terrestrialbiomesnamedafterphysicalclimaticfactorsin anarea
1 Desert 4Tropicalforest
2 Tundra 5 Nothern coniferousforest ovelapse on eachother
3 Temperatebrodleafforest6Arctic alpinetundra
Howabiomeaffectsspecies diversity


maturetreecrowns habitatzone


seedlingssaplings needtobeshadetolerantbecausereceivelesslightthancanopy
madesoitdeadplantsanimals smalllivingplants



ï 2 Desert exof convergentevolution
200400un rain year
25 aic average temp HE.EE e5 019,9 95
Plantsgrowandquick plants scattered
Pdensity ofplantsanimalsfungi tolerateheat holdon tomoistureresistherbivores tnEFIfEjoffafgniff9
3Temperatedeciduousforests 4 Borealforest
largestterrestrial biomeonearth
Fem Fini variable vegetation forseasonchan
Em II 50 coniferoustreesgymnosperme Ke
adapted p Fa.IE seasons 9Ynforesf in winter
voustrees leavesfouduringwinter t can gtpan
p.fm
Y
5 IIIa
Precipitations i EEEaIon9 EI
Yn ffetf.LI coldwintersandhotsummers
grasses dominantplant
n'Est adaptedforlowmoistureresistanttofire herbivores
Permafrostrestrictgrowthofvegetation

IE TELEgrowingseasons
Aquaticbiomes
1 Freshwater 2 Marine
Getlotsof sunlight
Eser 0itEisi t 9EPaagie
or bouomerse
nota lotof salt
linkedtosoilandbioticcomponents ËÏᵗËÎÏ FI
ofsurrounding terrestrialenvironmentbiomes
Intermediate biomes Bioticandabioticfactors
FreshwatersaltwaterEstuary Dispersaimovementofindividualgametesfrom
UseanimalNutrientreproductivecycle areaofhighdensity orfromareaoforigin
Bioticfactorsaffectdistributionoforganisms
GILLETTE on productive biomes adaptation 1 Predation
IEIm
az bing.gs Y
t disoved oxygen
Landsaltwater Intertidalzones
many photosynthetic organisms temperature
2water
3oxygen 3111 1

Document information

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Uploaded on
December 26, 2025
Number of pages
12
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Andrew wieczorek
Contains
Discussion 6 to 13
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