CAADC Exam Study Questions and
Answers32
Rationalization - ANSWERS-In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism in which an
individual creates a sensible explanation for an illogical or unacceptable behavior making it
appear sensible or acceptable.
Denial - ANSWERS-In psychoanalytic theory the defense mechanism whereby an individual does
not acknowledge an event or situation that may be unpleasant or traumatic.
Identification - ANSWERS-In psychoanalytic theory a defense mechanism whereby a person
takes on the qualities of another person to reduce the fear and anxiety towards that person.
Existentialism - ANSWERS-Believe that the individual writes their own life story by the choices
that they make.
Psychopathology according to existential counseling - ANSWERS-Neglecting to make meaningful
choices and accentuating one's potential
Key anxieties of life according to existentialists - ANSWERS-Death, Meaning, Alienation
(Aloneness), Responsibility and Freedom
According to Victor Frankl (Existential Counseling) life's meaning can be discovered in three
ways ... - ANSWERS-by doing a deed (accomplishments or achievements), by experiencing a
value (beauty, love, nature, and arts), or by suffering (reconciling ourselves to fate)
Filtering - ANSWERS-A cognitive distortion in which an individual takes the negative details and
magnifies them while filtering out all positive aspects of a situation. For instance, a person may
,pick out a single, unpleasant detail and dwell on it exclusively so that their vision of reality
becomes darkened or distorted.
Addiction - ANSWERS-A chronic, relapsing disease characterized by compulsive, at times
uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely
negative consequences and by long-lasting changes in the brain.
1) Clinical 2) Diagnostic - ANSWERS-The term addiction is a (1) term, rather than a (2) one.
Prefrontal Cortex - ANSWERS-Part of the brain which enables us to assess situations, make
sound decisions, and keep our emotions and desires under control.
Alcohol - ANSWERS-The most widely used and abused substance in America.
Alcohol use - ANSWERS-The consumption of beverage alcohol within some socially prescribed
or ritualistic context.
Marajuana - ANSWERS-The most common illicit drug used in the United States
Reliability - ANSWERS-The ability of a test to demonstrate that it is able to produce
stable/consistent results.
Validity - ANSWERS-The ability of a test to accurately measure what it is intended to measure
Saliva Drug Test - ANSWERS-Type of drug test which measures drug usage within the past day
Urine Drug Test - ANSWERS-The most common type of drug test which is able to detect drug
usage within a period of one week to one month.
,Hair Drug Test - ANSWERS-Type of drug test which is used to determine drug usage over a
period of two to four months and are more sensitive than saliva and urine tests.
Gas chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) - ANSWERS-Considered the "gold standard"
in urinalysis due to its ability to perform a specific test, and is extremely effective in identifying
the presence of a specific substance within a given sample. Highly accurate and is the only
method of urinalysis that produces quantitative results.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) - ANSWERS-A pervasive pattern of instability or
interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, along with marked impulsivity, that begins
by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts.
Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) - ANSWERS-(1) a pervasive disregard for and violation of
the rights of others, and (2) an inability to form meaningful interpersonal relationships. The
prevalence of substance abuse is high.
Major Depression - ANSWERS-Symptoms may occur at mild or moderate levels of severity.
Typically experienced as a more intense and acute depression, often with strong physiological
changes in appetite, sleep, energy level, and ability to think, as well as excessive feelings of
worthlessness with possible suicidal ideation or plans.
Bipolar Disorder - ANSWERS-Characterized by fluctuations in mood from one end or "pole" to
the other - severe depression to mania. In between extremes of elation and depression, some
clients are likely to struggle almost all the time (mildly elevated) states that carry deterioration
in judgement, leading to legal trouble, financial loss, or relapse to abusing substances.
Panic Attack - ANSWERS-A distinct period of intense fear or discomfort that develops abruptly,
usually reaching a crescendo within a few minutes or less. Physical symptoms may include
hyperventilation, palpitations, trembling, sweating, dizziness, hot flashes or chills, numbness or
tingling, and the sensation or fear of nausea or chocking.
, Panic Disorder - ANSWERS-Episodes of panic attacks followed by a period of persistent fear of
the recurrence of more panic attacks.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - ANSWERS-An anxiety disorder involving obsessions or
compulsive rituals, or both. Often involve transgressing social norms, harming others, and
becoming contaminated, but they are more intense than excessive worries about real problems.
Anxiety Disorders - ANSWERS-Comprised of panic attacks, panic disorder, specific phobia, and
social phobia.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - ANSWERS-Development of characteristic symptoms following
exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving direct personal experience of an event that
involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or other threat to one's physical integrity;
or witnessing an event that involves death, injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of another
person; or learning about unexpected or violent death, serious harm, or threat of death or
injury experiences by a family member or other close associate.
Eating Disorders - ANSWERS-Comprised of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa - ANSWERS-An eating disorder characterized by an individual refusing to
maintain a minimal normal body weight, is intensely afraid of gaining weight, and exhibits a
significant disturbance in the perception of the shape or size of his or her body.
Bulimia Nervosa - ANSWERS-An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and inappropriate
compensatory methods to prevent weight gain.
Psychosis - ANSWERS-Term for a severely incapacitated mental and emotional state involving a
person's thinking, perception, and emotional control.
Answers32
Rationalization - ANSWERS-In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism in which an
individual creates a sensible explanation for an illogical or unacceptable behavior making it
appear sensible or acceptable.
Denial - ANSWERS-In psychoanalytic theory the defense mechanism whereby an individual does
not acknowledge an event or situation that may be unpleasant or traumatic.
Identification - ANSWERS-In psychoanalytic theory a defense mechanism whereby a person
takes on the qualities of another person to reduce the fear and anxiety towards that person.
Existentialism - ANSWERS-Believe that the individual writes their own life story by the choices
that they make.
Psychopathology according to existential counseling - ANSWERS-Neglecting to make meaningful
choices and accentuating one's potential
Key anxieties of life according to existentialists - ANSWERS-Death, Meaning, Alienation
(Aloneness), Responsibility and Freedom
According to Victor Frankl (Existential Counseling) life's meaning can be discovered in three
ways ... - ANSWERS-by doing a deed (accomplishments or achievements), by experiencing a
value (beauty, love, nature, and arts), or by suffering (reconciling ourselves to fate)
Filtering - ANSWERS-A cognitive distortion in which an individual takes the negative details and
magnifies them while filtering out all positive aspects of a situation. For instance, a person may
,pick out a single, unpleasant detail and dwell on it exclusively so that their vision of reality
becomes darkened or distorted.
Addiction - ANSWERS-A chronic, relapsing disease characterized by compulsive, at times
uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely
negative consequences and by long-lasting changes in the brain.
1) Clinical 2) Diagnostic - ANSWERS-The term addiction is a (1) term, rather than a (2) one.
Prefrontal Cortex - ANSWERS-Part of the brain which enables us to assess situations, make
sound decisions, and keep our emotions and desires under control.
Alcohol - ANSWERS-The most widely used and abused substance in America.
Alcohol use - ANSWERS-The consumption of beverage alcohol within some socially prescribed
or ritualistic context.
Marajuana - ANSWERS-The most common illicit drug used in the United States
Reliability - ANSWERS-The ability of a test to demonstrate that it is able to produce
stable/consistent results.
Validity - ANSWERS-The ability of a test to accurately measure what it is intended to measure
Saliva Drug Test - ANSWERS-Type of drug test which measures drug usage within the past day
Urine Drug Test - ANSWERS-The most common type of drug test which is able to detect drug
usage within a period of one week to one month.
,Hair Drug Test - ANSWERS-Type of drug test which is used to determine drug usage over a
period of two to four months and are more sensitive than saliva and urine tests.
Gas chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) - ANSWERS-Considered the "gold standard"
in urinalysis due to its ability to perform a specific test, and is extremely effective in identifying
the presence of a specific substance within a given sample. Highly accurate and is the only
method of urinalysis that produces quantitative results.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) - ANSWERS-A pervasive pattern of instability or
interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, along with marked impulsivity, that begins
by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts.
Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) - ANSWERS-(1) a pervasive disregard for and violation of
the rights of others, and (2) an inability to form meaningful interpersonal relationships. The
prevalence of substance abuse is high.
Major Depression - ANSWERS-Symptoms may occur at mild or moderate levels of severity.
Typically experienced as a more intense and acute depression, often with strong physiological
changes in appetite, sleep, energy level, and ability to think, as well as excessive feelings of
worthlessness with possible suicidal ideation or plans.
Bipolar Disorder - ANSWERS-Characterized by fluctuations in mood from one end or "pole" to
the other - severe depression to mania. In between extremes of elation and depression, some
clients are likely to struggle almost all the time (mildly elevated) states that carry deterioration
in judgement, leading to legal trouble, financial loss, or relapse to abusing substances.
Panic Attack - ANSWERS-A distinct period of intense fear or discomfort that develops abruptly,
usually reaching a crescendo within a few minutes or less. Physical symptoms may include
hyperventilation, palpitations, trembling, sweating, dizziness, hot flashes or chills, numbness or
tingling, and the sensation or fear of nausea or chocking.
, Panic Disorder - ANSWERS-Episodes of panic attacks followed by a period of persistent fear of
the recurrence of more panic attacks.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - ANSWERS-An anxiety disorder involving obsessions or
compulsive rituals, or both. Often involve transgressing social norms, harming others, and
becoming contaminated, but they are more intense than excessive worries about real problems.
Anxiety Disorders - ANSWERS-Comprised of panic attacks, panic disorder, specific phobia, and
social phobia.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - ANSWERS-Development of characteristic symptoms following
exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving direct personal experience of an event that
involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or other threat to one's physical integrity;
or witnessing an event that involves death, injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of another
person; or learning about unexpected or violent death, serious harm, or threat of death or
injury experiences by a family member or other close associate.
Eating Disorders - ANSWERS-Comprised of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa - ANSWERS-An eating disorder characterized by an individual refusing to
maintain a minimal normal body weight, is intensely afraid of gaining weight, and exhibits a
significant disturbance in the perception of the shape or size of his or her body.
Bulimia Nervosa - ANSWERS-An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and inappropriate
compensatory methods to prevent weight gain.
Psychosis - ANSWERS-Term for a severely incapacitated mental and emotional state involving a
person's thinking, perception, and emotional control.
