ACC 340 Exam 2 Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
Define Database. - ANSWER a set of interrelated, centrally coordinated data files that are
stored with as little data redundancy as possible
Explain the difference between file-oriented transaction processing systems and
relational database systems. - ANSWER File- Oriented: different users maintain their own
data and use different application programs which results in a significant increase in
number of master files stored by an organization; disadvantages: large number of data
files, data redundancy, data inconsistencies, lack of data integration, substantial
program-data dependence, lack of compatibility, lack of data sharing
Relational Database: views data as an organizational resource that should be used and
managed for the entire organization; the program that manages and controls the data
and the interfaces between data and application programs is called the database
management system (DBMS)
Data Independence - ANSWER allows the changing of data in one location to not affect
the data in another location; makes programming easier and simplifies data
management; database systems separate logical and physical views- referred to as
program-data independence
Data Integration - ANSWER achieved by combining master files into larger "pools" of
data that many application programs can access; ex: an employee database that
, consolidates data formerly contained in payroll, personnel, and job skills master files
Reporting Flexibility - ANSWER reports can be revised easily and generated/customized
as needed and the database can be easily browsed to research a problem or obtain
detailed information underlying a summary report
Business Intelligence - ANSWER analyzes large amounts of data for strategic decision
making
Logical vs Physical View - ANSWER Logical View: how people organize, view, and
understand relationships among data items
Physical View: how and where the data are physically arranged and stored in the
computer system
Schema - ANSWER a description of data elements in a database, relationships among
them, and logical model used to organize and describe data
Levels of Schema - ANSWER Conceptual Level Schema: an organization-wide view of the
entire database listing all data elements and relationships between them
External Level Schema: a set of individual user views of portions of the database, each of
which is referred to as a subschema
Complete Solutions
Define Database. - ANSWER a set of interrelated, centrally coordinated data files that are
stored with as little data redundancy as possible
Explain the difference between file-oriented transaction processing systems and
relational database systems. - ANSWER File- Oriented: different users maintain their own
data and use different application programs which results in a significant increase in
number of master files stored by an organization; disadvantages: large number of data
files, data redundancy, data inconsistencies, lack of data integration, substantial
program-data dependence, lack of compatibility, lack of data sharing
Relational Database: views data as an organizational resource that should be used and
managed for the entire organization; the program that manages and controls the data
and the interfaces between data and application programs is called the database
management system (DBMS)
Data Independence - ANSWER allows the changing of data in one location to not affect
the data in another location; makes programming easier and simplifies data
management; database systems separate logical and physical views- referred to as
program-data independence
Data Integration - ANSWER achieved by combining master files into larger "pools" of
data that many application programs can access; ex: an employee database that
, consolidates data formerly contained in payroll, personnel, and job skills master files
Reporting Flexibility - ANSWER reports can be revised easily and generated/customized
as needed and the database can be easily browsed to research a problem or obtain
detailed information underlying a summary report
Business Intelligence - ANSWER analyzes large amounts of data for strategic decision
making
Logical vs Physical View - ANSWER Logical View: how people organize, view, and
understand relationships among data items
Physical View: how and where the data are physically arranged and stored in the
computer system
Schema - ANSWER a description of data elements in a database, relationships among
them, and logical model used to organize and describe data
Levels of Schema - ANSWER Conceptual Level Schema: an organization-wide view of the
entire database listing all data elements and relationships between them
External Level Schema: a set of individual user views of portions of the database, each of
which is referred to as a subschema
