PSY241: EXAM4 CH10-11 (chronic
illness, DM, CVD, cancer), PSY241:
EXAM3 CH7-9 (sleep, obesity, drug
abuse), PSY241: EXAM2 CH4-6 (stress,
cope, health behavior motivation),
PSY241: EXAM1 CH1-3 (intro theory,
research, biological sys), PSY450: EXAM
1 C...
Healthy heart fact: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-size of clench fist 11oz
-3 layers (peri>epi>myo>endocardium)
-pumps 5+ qtz/min
cardiovascular dz: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-umbrella term
-CVD=disorder of heart, vessels
,-CHD=chronic dz which arteries become clogged/narrowed
-stroke=lack of oxygen supply to brain
-atherosclerosis=LDL cholesterole clogged arteries
-arteriosclerosis=lose elasticity>scarring>plaque (high
CRP/inflammation=marker dx)
*atherosclerosis=unclear cause likely from WBC destruction>scar in
wall>fatty deposits easily
CVD manifestion symptoms: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-angina pectoris=extreme CP
by lack O2 supply (ischemia)
-myocardial infarction(MI)=heart attack, death of tissue due to lack O2
-Stroke(CVA)=damage to brain due to lack O2 (athero/arterioschlerosis)
-3 types of stroke (ischemic stroke=lack O2, hemorrhagic stroke=burst
vessel, aneurysm=pressure bursting bulge)
*hemorrhagics=most common stroke death
Stroke damage to brain: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-CVA due to lack O2 (ischemic,
hemorrhagic)
-symptoms include paralysis or weakness to opposite side of body
,-CT scans shows dark areas (dead tissue)
-cause by blood clot/hemorrage
Risk factors for CVD: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Framingham Heart/nurses health
study/interheart study found many factors
-uncontrollable risk=FHx, age, gender
-controllable=HTN, cholesterol lv, obesity, tobacco use
Mortality rate CVD: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-CVD>stroke>lung>breast
-highest in black>white>hispanics
-(graphs)
UNcontrollable risk factors: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-FHx=relative onset at young
age likely due to genes (<55yo male, <65yo female)
-PMHx of HTN, HLD
-high in male gender (>40yo), menopausal women
-gender risk not universal likley due to lifestyle & hormonal difference of
white males
*women often underdiagnosed
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Controllable risk factors: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-knowing own genetic risk profile
-life style changes (low BP, low Na/fat diet, exercise)
-normal body weight (BMI 18-24)
-mediterrean diet (intense diets will only work temporary and not
maintained)
-optimistic personality (les anger, low CVR)
-Chicago Heart association detection project=healthy lifestyles add 9.5yr to
man.
HTN: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1.) preHTN=120-139/80-89mmHg
-stage 1= (120-129/80-89)
-stage 2= (+140/90)
2.) HTN=140/90 chronic
-primary/essential=no 1 factor (obesity, sedentary, stress, salt, heredity,
ethnicity)
cardiovascular reactivity (CVR): - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-own reaction to stress
(changes in HR, BP, hormoes)
illness, DM, CVD, cancer), PSY241:
EXAM3 CH7-9 (sleep, obesity, drug
abuse), PSY241: EXAM2 CH4-6 (stress,
cope, health behavior motivation),
PSY241: EXAM1 CH1-3 (intro theory,
research, biological sys), PSY450: EXAM
1 C...
Healthy heart fact: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-size of clench fist 11oz
-3 layers (peri>epi>myo>endocardium)
-pumps 5+ qtz/min
cardiovascular dz: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-umbrella term
-CVD=disorder of heart, vessels
,-CHD=chronic dz which arteries become clogged/narrowed
-stroke=lack of oxygen supply to brain
-atherosclerosis=LDL cholesterole clogged arteries
-arteriosclerosis=lose elasticity>scarring>plaque (high
CRP/inflammation=marker dx)
*atherosclerosis=unclear cause likely from WBC destruction>scar in
wall>fatty deposits easily
CVD manifestion symptoms: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-angina pectoris=extreme CP
by lack O2 supply (ischemia)
-myocardial infarction(MI)=heart attack, death of tissue due to lack O2
-Stroke(CVA)=damage to brain due to lack O2 (athero/arterioschlerosis)
-3 types of stroke (ischemic stroke=lack O2, hemorrhagic stroke=burst
vessel, aneurysm=pressure bursting bulge)
*hemorrhagics=most common stroke death
Stroke damage to brain: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-CVA due to lack O2 (ischemic,
hemorrhagic)
-symptoms include paralysis or weakness to opposite side of body
,-CT scans shows dark areas (dead tissue)
-cause by blood clot/hemorrage
Risk factors for CVD: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Framingham Heart/nurses health
study/interheart study found many factors
-uncontrollable risk=FHx, age, gender
-controllable=HTN, cholesterol lv, obesity, tobacco use
Mortality rate CVD: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-CVD>stroke>lung>breast
-highest in black>white>hispanics
-(graphs)
UNcontrollable risk factors: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-FHx=relative onset at young
age likely due to genes (<55yo male, <65yo female)
-PMHx of HTN, HLD
-high in male gender (>40yo), menopausal women
-gender risk not universal likley due to lifestyle & hormonal difference of
white males
*women often underdiagnosed
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Controllable risk factors: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-knowing own genetic risk profile
-life style changes (low BP, low Na/fat diet, exercise)
-normal body weight (BMI 18-24)
-mediterrean diet (intense diets will only work temporary and not
maintained)
-optimistic personality (les anger, low CVR)
-Chicago Heart association detection project=healthy lifestyles add 9.5yr to
man.
HTN: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1.) preHTN=120-139/80-89mmHg
-stage 1= (120-129/80-89)
-stage 2= (+140/90)
2.) HTN=140/90 chronic
-primary/essential=no 1 factor (obesity, sedentary, stress, salt, heredity,
ethnicity)
cardiovascular reactivity (CVR): - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-own reaction to stress
(changes in HR, BP, hormoes)
