Fall Semester 2025 – Comprehensive Study Guide for NGN ATI Pediatrics Exam Preparation | Extensive Resource Featuring Evidence-Based Nursing Practice, Key Pediatric Care Concepts, Critical Thinking Exercises, Vital Signs Assessment Techniques, and Review

Fall Semester 2025 – Comprehensive Study Guide for NGN ATI Pediatrics
Exam Preparation | Extensive Resource Featuring Evidence-Based
Nursing Practice, Key Pediatric Care Concepts, Critical Thinking
Exercises, Vital Signs Assessment Techniques, and Review Questions for
Success in Pediatric Nursing Assessments

Question 1:
What is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children?
A) Viral infections
B) Bacterial infections
C) Parasitic infections
D) Allergic reactions
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Viral infections
Rationale: Viral infections, particularly rotavirus and norovirus, are the leading causes
of acute gastroenteritis in children.


Question 2:
At what age should a child typically be able to walk independently?
A) 9 months
B) 12 months
C) 15 months
D) 18 months
CORRECT ANSWER: B) 12 months
Rationale: Most children will begin to walk independently around 12 months of age,
although variations do occur.


Question 3:
Which of the following is a common symptom of croup?
A) High fever
B) Barking cough
C) Wheezing
D) Seizures
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Barking cough

,Rationale: Croup is characterized by a distinctive barking cough, typically associated
with upper airway swelling.


Question 4:
What is the priority intervention for a child who has just experienced an asthma
attack?
A) Administer a bronchodilator
B) Encourage fluid intake
C) Position the child flat
D) Apply cool compresses
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Administer a bronchodilator
Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator is the priority intervention to relieve
bronchospasm in a child experiencing an asthma attack.


Question 5:
Which of the following vaccinations is recommended at 2 months of age?
A) Varicella
B) DTaP
C) HPV
D) MMR
CORRECT ANSWER: B) DTaP
Rationale: The DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) vaccine is part of the
immunization schedule at 2 months of age.


Question 6:
What is the appropriate response for a nurse caring for a child with suspected
meningitis?
A) Monitor for increased appetite
B) Initiate isolation precautions
C) Delay lumbar puncture until symptoms worsen
D) Encourage an increase in physical activity
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Initiate isolation precautions
Rationale: Meningitis can be contagious; therefore, initiating isolation precautions is
essential to prevent transmission.

,Question 7:
What is the main sign of dehydration in infants?
A) Weight gain
B) Increased urination
C) Sunken fontanelle
D) Excessive drooling
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Sunken fontanelle
Rationale: A sunken fontanelle is a classic sign of dehydration in infants.


Question 8:
A parent is concerned that their child is not speaking yet. At what age is it expected
that children typically start using two-word phrases?
A) 12 months
B) 18 months
C) 24 months
D) 36 months
CORRECT ANSWER: C) 24 months
Rationale: Children typically begin to combine words into two-word phrases by about
24 months of age.
Question 9:
Which developmental milestone is typically achieved by a 4-month-old infant?
A) Sitting without support
B) Rolling over
C) Crawling
D) Reaching for objects
CORRECT ANSWER: D) Reaching for objects
Rationale: By 4 months of age, infants commonly begin to reach for and grasp objects.


Question 10:
Which condition is characterized by the intake of non-nutritive substances?
A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Pica

, C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Binge eating disorder
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Pica
Rationale: Pica is the compulsive ingestion of non-food substances.


Question 11:
What is a common side effect of antibiotic therapy in children?
A) Hyperactivity
B) Nausea and diarrhea
C) Hair loss
D) Insomnia
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Nausea and diarrhea
Rationale: Antibiotic therapy can disrupt normal gut flora, which often leads to
gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and diarrhea.


Question 12:
Which type of fracture is most commonly seen in children due to their flexible bone
structure?
A) Comminuted fracture
B) Greenstick fracture
C) Transverse fracture
D) Compound fracture
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Greenstick fracture
Rationale: A greenstick fracture occurs when a bone bends and partially breaks, which
is more prevalent in children due to their softer bones.


Question 13:
At what age is it recommended that children switch from rear-facing to forward-
facing car seats?
A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 2 years
D) 4 years
CORRECT ANSWER: C) 2 years