Robert Smalls - ANSWER Enslaved African American who, during and after the
American Civil War, became a ship's pilot, sea captain, and politician; freed himself, his crew
and their families from slavery on May 13, 1862, by commandeering a Confederate transport
ship, the CSS Planter, in Charleston harbor, and sailing it to freedom beyond the blockade
Helped convince Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army
Ten Percent Plan - ANSWER Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its
own government after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States
Meant to shorten the war
Hoped to weaken the southern cause by making it easy for disillusioned or lukewarm
confederates to switch sides
Hoped to further his emancipation proclamation by insisting that the new governments
abolish slavery
Radical Republicans - ANSWER After the Civil War, a group that believed the South
should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate
towards the South
Favored protection for black rights (especially black, male suffrage)
1
,Wade-Davis Bill - ANSWER Legislation requiring 50% of the voters to take an oath of
future loyalty before the restoration process could begin
Once they took the oath, those who could wear they had never willingly supported the
confederacy could vote in an election for delegates to a constitutional convention
Passed after congress refused to recognize Lincoln's 10 percent governments
Railroads were the first - ANSWER Modern corporation
Cornelius Vanderbilt - ANSWER A railroad owner who built a railway connecting
Chicago and New York
He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more
economical.
John D. Rockefeller - ANSWER Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest,
wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
J.P. Morgan - ANSWER Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S.
Steel
Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back
Was one of the "Robber barons"
Haymarket Riot (1886) - ANSWER The riot took place in Chicago between rioters and
the police
2
,It ended when someone threw a bomb that killed dozens
The riot was suppressed, and in addition with the damaged reputation of unions, it also
killed the Knights of Labor, who were seen as anarchists.
American Federation of Labor - ANSWER 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought
better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the
Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
Vertical Integration - ANSWER Practice where a single entity controls the entire
process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
Example: Phillip Armour's meat company
Horizontal Integration - ANSWER Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved
in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level
Example: Rockefeller
Dawes Act of 1887 - ANSWER Tried to civilize Indians and make them more little
settlers by giving them land to farm, instead it harmed their native culture
General Philip Sheridan - ANSWER ordered by Grant to wage total war in Shenandoah
Valley in Virginia.
He burned and destroyed all farmland, animals and food
The Ghost Dance Movement - ANSWER The last effort of Native Americans to resist US
domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, came through as a religious
movement.
3
, Little Big Horn - ANSWER General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of
Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
Geronimo - ANSWER Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest
as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)
Bureau of Indian Affairs - ANSWER A government agency created in the 1800s to
oversee federal policy toward Native Americans
"kill the Indian, save the man"
New Immigration (1880-1920) - ANSWER By the 1890s, over half of the 3.5 million
immigrants who came to our shores came from southern and eastern Europe, in particular
Italy and the Russian and Austro Hungarian empires
More likely than previous immigrants to be Jewish or catholic
While almost all of them were looking for work, many were also escaping political or
religious persecution
Immigration Restriction League - ANSWER Founded in 1894 in Boston and lobbied for
national legislation that would limit the numbers of immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act - ANSWER (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to
enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate
Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) - ANSWER Supreme Court decision in 1886 overturning San
Francisco law that, as enforced, discriminated against Chinese-owned laundries; established
principle that equal protection of the law embodied in Fourteenth Amendment applied to all
Americans, not just former slaves
4
American Civil War, became a ship's pilot, sea captain, and politician; freed himself, his crew
and their families from slavery on May 13, 1862, by commandeering a Confederate transport
ship, the CSS Planter, in Charleston harbor, and sailing it to freedom beyond the blockade
Helped convince Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army
Ten Percent Plan - ANSWER Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its
own government after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States
Meant to shorten the war
Hoped to weaken the southern cause by making it easy for disillusioned or lukewarm
confederates to switch sides
Hoped to further his emancipation proclamation by insisting that the new governments
abolish slavery
Radical Republicans - ANSWER After the Civil War, a group that believed the South
should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate
towards the South
Favored protection for black rights (especially black, male suffrage)
1
,Wade-Davis Bill - ANSWER Legislation requiring 50% of the voters to take an oath of
future loyalty before the restoration process could begin
Once they took the oath, those who could wear they had never willingly supported the
confederacy could vote in an election for delegates to a constitutional convention
Passed after congress refused to recognize Lincoln's 10 percent governments
Railroads were the first - ANSWER Modern corporation
Cornelius Vanderbilt - ANSWER A railroad owner who built a railway connecting
Chicago and New York
He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more
economical.
John D. Rockefeller - ANSWER Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest,
wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
J.P. Morgan - ANSWER Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S.
Steel
Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back
Was one of the "Robber barons"
Haymarket Riot (1886) - ANSWER The riot took place in Chicago between rioters and
the police
2
,It ended when someone threw a bomb that killed dozens
The riot was suppressed, and in addition with the damaged reputation of unions, it also
killed the Knights of Labor, who were seen as anarchists.
American Federation of Labor - ANSWER 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought
better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the
Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
Vertical Integration - ANSWER Practice where a single entity controls the entire
process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
Example: Phillip Armour's meat company
Horizontal Integration - ANSWER Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved
in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level
Example: Rockefeller
Dawes Act of 1887 - ANSWER Tried to civilize Indians and make them more little
settlers by giving them land to farm, instead it harmed their native culture
General Philip Sheridan - ANSWER ordered by Grant to wage total war in Shenandoah
Valley in Virginia.
He burned and destroyed all farmland, animals and food
The Ghost Dance Movement - ANSWER The last effort of Native Americans to resist US
domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, came through as a religious
movement.
3
, Little Big Horn - ANSWER General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of
Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
Geronimo - ANSWER Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest
as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)
Bureau of Indian Affairs - ANSWER A government agency created in the 1800s to
oversee federal policy toward Native Americans
"kill the Indian, save the man"
New Immigration (1880-1920) - ANSWER By the 1890s, over half of the 3.5 million
immigrants who came to our shores came from southern and eastern Europe, in particular
Italy and the Russian and Austro Hungarian empires
More likely than previous immigrants to be Jewish or catholic
While almost all of them were looking for work, many were also escaping political or
religious persecution
Immigration Restriction League - ANSWER Founded in 1894 in Boston and lobbied for
national legislation that would limit the numbers of immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act - ANSWER (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to
enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate
Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) - ANSWER Supreme Court decision in 1886 overturning San
Francisco law that, as enforced, discriminated against Chinese-owned laundries; established
principle that equal protection of the law embodied in Fourteenth Amendment applied to all
Americans, not just former slaves
4
