Chem 121 Final exam COMPLETE (2025) EXAM
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Terms in this set (83)
Specific Heat equation
Electronegativity trend
Bond length The less bonds, the longer the bond length.
Single bonds are the longest.
Bond Strength More bonds, greater strength.
Formal Charges
,Polar A polar bond is a covalent bond between two
atoms where the electrons forming the bond are
unequally distributed. This causes the molecule to
have a slight electrical dipole moment where one
end is slightly positive and the other is slightly
negative.
Polar bonds are the dividing line between pure
covalent bonding and pure ionic bonding.
Examples: Water is a polar bonded molecule.
A water molecule, abbreviated as H2O, is an
example of a polar covalent bond. The electrons
are unequally shared, with the oxygen atom
spending more time with electrons than the
hydrogen atoms. Since electrons spend more time
with the oxygen atom, it carries a partial negative
charge.
Nonpolar Nonpolar covalent bonds are a type of bond that
occurs when two atoms share a pair of electrons
with each other. These shared electrons glue two
or more atoms together to form a molecule. Like
children who share toys, atoms involved in a
nonpolar covalent bond equally share electrons.
containing no permanently dipolar molecules;
lacking a dipole.
Molecule which has no separation of charge, so no
positive or negative poles are formed.
Examples: O2, CO2, N2
, Covalent A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves
the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These
electron pairs are known as shared pairs or
bonding pairs and the stable balance of attractive
and repulsive forces between atoms when they
share electrons is known as covalent bonding.
A covalent bond is a chemical link between two
atoms in which electrons are shared between them.
Examples:
There is a covalent bond between the oxygen and
each hydrogen in a water molecule (H2O). Each of
the covalent bonds contains two electrons - one
from a hydrogen atom and one from the oxygen
atom. Both atoms share the electrons.
Ionic A chemical bond formed between two ions with
opposite charges. Ionic bonds form when one
atom gives up one or more electrons to another
atom. These bonds can form between a pair of
atoms or between molecules and are the type of
bond found in salts.
An ionic bond is a chemical link between two
atoms caused by the electrostatic force between
oppositely-charged ions in an ionic compound.
Examples:
There is an ionic bond between the sodium and
chloride ions in table salt, NaCl.
Hybridization of central atom XY2 sp
Hybridization of central atom XY2Z sp2
Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
||ACTUAL EXAM 2025 TEST!! Graded A+ |
2025|2026 EXAM UPDATE
Save
Terms in this set (83)
Specific Heat equation
Electronegativity trend
Bond length The less bonds, the longer the bond length.
Single bonds are the longest.
Bond Strength More bonds, greater strength.
Formal Charges
,Polar A polar bond is a covalent bond between two
atoms where the electrons forming the bond are
unequally distributed. This causes the molecule to
have a slight electrical dipole moment where one
end is slightly positive and the other is slightly
negative.
Polar bonds are the dividing line between pure
covalent bonding and pure ionic bonding.
Examples: Water is a polar bonded molecule.
A water molecule, abbreviated as H2O, is an
example of a polar covalent bond. The electrons
are unequally shared, with the oxygen atom
spending more time with electrons than the
hydrogen atoms. Since electrons spend more time
with the oxygen atom, it carries a partial negative
charge.
Nonpolar Nonpolar covalent bonds are a type of bond that
occurs when two atoms share a pair of electrons
with each other. These shared electrons glue two
or more atoms together to form a molecule. Like
children who share toys, atoms involved in a
nonpolar covalent bond equally share electrons.
containing no permanently dipolar molecules;
lacking a dipole.
Molecule which has no separation of charge, so no
positive or negative poles are formed.
Examples: O2, CO2, N2
, Covalent A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves
the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These
electron pairs are known as shared pairs or
bonding pairs and the stable balance of attractive
and repulsive forces between atoms when they
share electrons is known as covalent bonding.
A covalent bond is a chemical link between two
atoms in which electrons are shared between them.
Examples:
There is a covalent bond between the oxygen and
each hydrogen in a water molecule (H2O). Each of
the covalent bonds contains two electrons - one
from a hydrogen atom and one from the oxygen
atom. Both atoms share the electrons.
Ionic A chemical bond formed between two ions with
opposite charges. Ionic bonds form when one
atom gives up one or more electrons to another
atom. These bonds can form between a pair of
atoms or between molecules and are the type of
bond found in salts.
An ionic bond is a chemical link between two
atoms caused by the electrostatic force between
oppositely-charged ions in an ionic compound.
Examples:
There is an ionic bond between the sodium and
chloride ions in table salt, NaCl.
Hybridization of central atom XY2 sp
Hybridization of central atom XY2Z sp2
