NCE AND CPCE STUDY GUIDE
What0does0CACREP0stand0for?0-
0ans✔the0Council0for0the0Accreditation0and0Counseling0Related0Educational0Programs
What0does0CCE0stand0for?0-0ans✔Center0for0Credentialing0and0Education,0inc
What0does0REBT0stand0for0and0who0is0the0main0theorist0associated0with0it?0-
0ans✔Rational0Emotive0Behavioral0Therapy;0Ellis.
Name0Freud's0Psychosexual0stages0of0development.0-
0ans✔Oral,0Anal,0Phallic,0Latent,0and0Genital.0(Mnemonic0device:0Oh,0Anthony,0Pleas
e0Let's0Go!)
Describe0Erik0Erikson's0stages.0-
0ans✔Erik0Erikson0is0an0Ego0psychologist0and0a0disciple0of0Freud.0His080stages0focus
0on0social0relationships,0therefore0they0are0called0psychosocial.0Each0stage0has0a0cris
is0that0must0be0overcome0in0order0to0move0on0to0the0next0stage.0His0stages0are0Trust
0v.0Mistrust;0Autonomy0v.0Shame/
doubt;0Industry0v.0Inferiority;0Initiative0vs.0Guilt;0Identity0v.0Role0confusion;0Intimacy0v.0
Isolation;0Generativity0vs.0Stagnation;0Integrity0vs.0Despair.0(Mnemonic0device:0The0Ai
r0In0Iceland0Is0Icy,0Greenland0Isn't.)
define0psychometric.0-0ans✔pertaining0to0mental0testing0and0measurement
define0psychodiagnostic0-
0ans✔the0study0of0personality0through0interpretation0of0behavior0and0non-
verbal0cues;0or0labeling0a0client0in0a0diagnostic0category.
define0psychopharmacology0-
0ans✔the0study0of0the0effects0drugs0have0on0psychological0functions.
What0is0the0id?0-
0ans✔the0basic0instinct0principle0in0Freudian0theory.0It0is0the0seat0of0aggression0and0s
exual0impulse.0It0is0devoid0of0logic0and0time0orientation.0It0is0chaotic0and0bodily0focuse
d.
,What0is0the0ego?0-
0ans✔this0is0the0reality0principle0in0Freudian0theory.0It0indicates0power0of0reasoning0a
nd0control0over0behavior.0It0helps0keep0the0impulses0of0the0id0in0check.
What0is0the0superego?0-
0ans✔the0superego0is0the0moralistic0and0idealistic0principle0in0the0Freudian0theory.
Which0group0of0theorists0believe0"if0you0can't0measure0it,0it0doesn't0exist"?0-
0ans✔Behaviorists.0They0focus0on0O.O.B.0The0observable,0objective0behaviors.0(My0A
P0psych0teacher0in0HS0called0it0the0O.O.B.0tampon.0gross,0but0it0helped0me0remembe
r0it!)
Who0is0the0only0psychoanalyst0with0a0developmental0theory0that0covered0the0entire0lif
espan?0-
0ans✔Erik0Erikson's0Psychosocial0stages0covered0the0entire0lifespan.0Each0stage0has0
a0crisis0or0turning0point.
What0theory0is0A.0A.0Brill0associated0with?0-0ans✔Career0theory
Milton0H.0Erickson0is0associated0with...0-0ans✔Brief0psychotherapy0and0hypnosis.
What0field0is0Jean0Piaget0associated0with?0-0ans✔Cognitive0Child0Development
Who0is0Jay0Haley0and0what0is0the0nature0of0his0contribution0to0counseling?0-
0ans✔Haley0is0most0famous0for0his0work0on0strategic0and0problem-
solving0therapy,0more0specifically0with0his0use0of0the0paradox0technique.0He0also0stud
ied0with0Milton0Erickson.
Arnold0Lazarus0-
0ans✔He0is0a0known0behavioral0therapist0who0worked0specifically0with0methods0of0de
sensitization0and0phobias.0He0is0most0associated0with0Multimodal0Therapy.
William0Perry0-
0ans✔He0is0known0for0his0work0in0adult0cognitive0development,0specifically0with0colleg
e0students.0He0worked0a0lot0with0the0concept0of0"dualistic0thinking"0among0college0stu
dents,0where0everything0is0either0black0or0white.0(Memory0technique:0think0of0Katy0Pe
rry's0song0Hot0and0Cold0to0associate0Perry0with0dualism.)
Ed0Neukrug0-
0ans✔Also0a0cognitive0developmentalist.0His0work0is0similar0to0Perry's.0He0noted0that0
college0students0initially0think0that0their0professor0has0all0the0answers0(dualistic),0but0g
radually0get0to0a0more0relativistic0way0of0thinking0and0realize0that0answers0exist0that0a
re0relative0to0a0given0situation.0(Memory0technique:0"What0do0you0THINK0about0Ed0nu
king0the0rug??"0Think=0cognitive0dev,0Ed0Neukrug.)
, Robert0Kegan0-
0ans✔Yet0another0adult0cognitive0developmentalist.0SPecifically0with0interpersonal0dev
elopment.0His0theory0was0called0the0Constructive0Model0of0Development-
0people0construct0reality0throughout0the0lifespan.
What0are0Piaget's0stages0of0Cognitive0Development0in0order?0-
0ans✔Sensorimotor;0Preoperational;0Concrete;0Formal.0These0stages0must0occur0in0or
der,0but0may0be0experienced0at0varying0ages.
What0is0the0major0critique0of0Jean0Piaget's0research?0-
0ans✔He0spent0too0much0time0observing0his0own0kids,0and0thus0drawing0his0conclusi
ons0from0a0small,0specific,0population.
Who0formulated0the0very0first0intelligence0test?0-
0ans✔Alfred0Binet.0In0France.0Oh0la0la!
What0is0a0t0test?0-
0ans✔Also0known0as0the0Student's0t,0it0is0a0statistical0test0used0in0formal0experiments
0to0determine0if0a0statistical0significance0exists0between0the0means0of0two0normally0di
stributed0groups.
Define0Conservation.0-
0ans✔A0substance's0mass,0weight,0and0volume0remain0the0same0even0if0it0changes0s
hape.0It0most0likely0refers0to0volume0and0mass,0though.0A0child0who0has0not0mastere
d0this0concept0will0not0have0flexible0thinking.0(Mastered0during0Piaget's0Concrete0Oper
ational0stage07-110years)
Symbolic0Schema0-
0ans✔A0schema0is0a0system0where0the0child0tests0out0things0in0the0physical0world.0A
n0example0of0a0symbolic0schema0is0when0a0child0uses0a0pie0plate0as0a0steering0whee
l0(because0it0fits0into0the0schema0they0have0created0for0"Steering0Wheel")0This0occurs
0in0the0Preoperational0Stage.
David0Elkind's0research0supports0what0Piagetian0concept?0-
0ans✔Elkind's0statistical0research0supports0Piaget's0principle0of0conservation,0with0ma
ss0being0the0first0and0most0easily0understood0concept0for0children,0followed0by0weight
0and0volume0respectively.
Lawrence0Kohlberg0expanded0on0Piaget's0conceptualization0of0what0type0of0developm
ent?0-0ans✔Moral0development.
Define0Epigenetic0-
0ans✔Epigenetic0is0the0biological0term0borrowed0from0embryology.0Each0stage0emerg
es0from0the0one0before0it.0It0is0systematic0and0follows0a0specific0order.
What0does0CACREP0stand0for?0-
0ans✔the0Council0for0the0Accreditation0and0Counseling0Related0Educational0Programs
What0does0CCE0stand0for?0-0ans✔Center0for0Credentialing0and0Education,0inc
What0does0REBT0stand0for0and0who0is0the0main0theorist0associated0with0it?0-
0ans✔Rational0Emotive0Behavioral0Therapy;0Ellis.
Name0Freud's0Psychosexual0stages0of0development.0-
0ans✔Oral,0Anal,0Phallic,0Latent,0and0Genital.0(Mnemonic0device:0Oh,0Anthony,0Pleas
e0Let's0Go!)
Describe0Erik0Erikson's0stages.0-
0ans✔Erik0Erikson0is0an0Ego0psychologist0and0a0disciple0of0Freud.0His080stages0focus
0on0social0relationships,0therefore0they0are0called0psychosocial.0Each0stage0has0a0cris
is0that0must0be0overcome0in0order0to0move0on0to0the0next0stage.0His0stages0are0Trust
0v.0Mistrust;0Autonomy0v.0Shame/
doubt;0Industry0v.0Inferiority;0Initiative0vs.0Guilt;0Identity0v.0Role0confusion;0Intimacy0v.0
Isolation;0Generativity0vs.0Stagnation;0Integrity0vs.0Despair.0(Mnemonic0device:0The0Ai
r0In0Iceland0Is0Icy,0Greenland0Isn't.)
define0psychometric.0-0ans✔pertaining0to0mental0testing0and0measurement
define0psychodiagnostic0-
0ans✔the0study0of0personality0through0interpretation0of0behavior0and0non-
verbal0cues;0or0labeling0a0client0in0a0diagnostic0category.
define0psychopharmacology0-
0ans✔the0study0of0the0effects0drugs0have0on0psychological0functions.
What0is0the0id?0-
0ans✔the0basic0instinct0principle0in0Freudian0theory.0It0is0the0seat0of0aggression0and0s
exual0impulse.0It0is0devoid0of0logic0and0time0orientation.0It0is0chaotic0and0bodily0focuse
d.
,What0is0the0ego?0-
0ans✔this0is0the0reality0principle0in0Freudian0theory.0It0indicates0power0of0reasoning0a
nd0control0over0behavior.0It0helps0keep0the0impulses0of0the0id0in0check.
What0is0the0superego?0-
0ans✔the0superego0is0the0moralistic0and0idealistic0principle0in0the0Freudian0theory.
Which0group0of0theorists0believe0"if0you0can't0measure0it,0it0doesn't0exist"?0-
0ans✔Behaviorists.0They0focus0on0O.O.B.0The0observable,0objective0behaviors.0(My0A
P0psych0teacher0in0HS0called0it0the0O.O.B.0tampon.0gross,0but0it0helped0me0remembe
r0it!)
Who0is0the0only0psychoanalyst0with0a0developmental0theory0that0covered0the0entire0lif
espan?0-
0ans✔Erik0Erikson's0Psychosocial0stages0covered0the0entire0lifespan.0Each0stage0has0
a0crisis0or0turning0point.
What0theory0is0A.0A.0Brill0associated0with?0-0ans✔Career0theory
Milton0H.0Erickson0is0associated0with...0-0ans✔Brief0psychotherapy0and0hypnosis.
What0field0is0Jean0Piaget0associated0with?0-0ans✔Cognitive0Child0Development
Who0is0Jay0Haley0and0what0is0the0nature0of0his0contribution0to0counseling?0-
0ans✔Haley0is0most0famous0for0his0work0on0strategic0and0problem-
solving0therapy,0more0specifically0with0his0use0of0the0paradox0technique.0He0also0stud
ied0with0Milton0Erickson.
Arnold0Lazarus0-
0ans✔He0is0a0known0behavioral0therapist0who0worked0specifically0with0methods0of0de
sensitization0and0phobias.0He0is0most0associated0with0Multimodal0Therapy.
William0Perry0-
0ans✔He0is0known0for0his0work0in0adult0cognitive0development,0specifically0with0colleg
e0students.0He0worked0a0lot0with0the0concept0of0"dualistic0thinking"0among0college0stu
dents,0where0everything0is0either0black0or0white.0(Memory0technique:0think0of0Katy0Pe
rry's0song0Hot0and0Cold0to0associate0Perry0with0dualism.)
Ed0Neukrug0-
0ans✔Also0a0cognitive0developmentalist.0His0work0is0similar0to0Perry's.0He0noted0that0
college0students0initially0think0that0their0professor0has0all0the0answers0(dualistic),0but0g
radually0get0to0a0more0relativistic0way0of0thinking0and0realize0that0answers0exist0that0a
re0relative0to0a0given0situation.0(Memory0technique:0"What0do0you0THINK0about0Ed0nu
king0the0rug??"0Think=0cognitive0dev,0Ed0Neukrug.)
, Robert0Kegan0-
0ans✔Yet0another0adult0cognitive0developmentalist.0SPecifically0with0interpersonal0dev
elopment.0His0theory0was0called0the0Constructive0Model0of0Development-
0people0construct0reality0throughout0the0lifespan.
What0are0Piaget's0stages0of0Cognitive0Development0in0order?0-
0ans✔Sensorimotor;0Preoperational;0Concrete;0Formal.0These0stages0must0occur0in0or
der,0but0may0be0experienced0at0varying0ages.
What0is0the0major0critique0of0Jean0Piaget's0research?0-
0ans✔He0spent0too0much0time0observing0his0own0kids,0and0thus0drawing0his0conclusi
ons0from0a0small,0specific,0population.
Who0formulated0the0very0first0intelligence0test?0-
0ans✔Alfred0Binet.0In0France.0Oh0la0la!
What0is0a0t0test?0-
0ans✔Also0known0as0the0Student's0t,0it0is0a0statistical0test0used0in0formal0experiments
0to0determine0if0a0statistical0significance0exists0between0the0means0of0two0normally0di
stributed0groups.
Define0Conservation.0-
0ans✔A0substance's0mass,0weight,0and0volume0remain0the0same0even0if0it0changes0s
hape.0It0most0likely0refers0to0volume0and0mass,0though.0A0child0who0has0not0mastere
d0this0concept0will0not0have0flexible0thinking.0(Mastered0during0Piaget's0Concrete0Oper
ational0stage07-110years)
Symbolic0Schema0-
0ans✔A0schema0is0a0system0where0the0child0tests0out0things0in0the0physical0world.0A
n0example0of0a0symbolic0schema0is0when0a0child0uses0a0pie0plate0as0a0steering0whee
l0(because0it0fits0into0the0schema0they0have0created0for0"Steering0Wheel")0This0occurs
0in0the0Preoperational0Stage.
David0Elkind's0research0supports0what0Piagetian0concept?0-
0ans✔Elkind's0statistical0research0supports0Piaget's0principle0of0conservation,0with0ma
ss0being0the0first0and0most0easily0understood0concept0for0children,0followed0by0weight
0and0volume0respectively.
Lawrence0Kohlberg0expanded0on0Piaget's0conceptualization0of0what0type0of0developm
ent?0-0ans✔Moral0development.
Define0Epigenetic0-
0ans✔Epigenetic0is0the0biological0term0borrowed0from0embryology.0Each0stage0emerg
es0from0the0one0before0it.0It0is0systematic0and0follows0a0specific0order.
