OPP - EXAM 1 LECOM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What structures does the gravitational line (Plum Line) pass through? - Correct Answers
-Posterior to the apex of Coronal Suture
External Auditory Meatus
Head of the Humerus
Middle of L3 Vertebra
Femoral head
Posterior to mid-knee
Anterior to Lateral Malleolus
What is the location of Center of Gravity in a person? - Correct Answers -5cm anterior
to S2 Vertebra
What are the 4 characteristics of Upright Posture in humans? - Correct Answers -
Statically Unstable
Resembles 3 inverted pyramids
Potential Energy is maximized
Allows rotation around vertical axis (midline axis)-Teleceptors orient very quickly
What are Teleceptors and when do they orient quickly? - Correct Answers -Teleceptors
- sensory nerves in eyes, ear, nose that are sensitive to distant stimuli.
They orient quickly in rotation around vertical/midline axis in upright posture.
What curve is present at birth? - Correct Answers -Thoracic Kyphosis and Sacral
Kyphosis (Concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly)
What curve is present in Neonates? - Correct Answers -Cervical Lordosis (Convex
anteriorly and Concave posteriorly) - they have head control - cervical extensor muscles
develop
What curve is present in Toddlers? - Correct Answers -Lumbar Lordosis (Concave
posteriorly and Convex anteriorly) - back muscles develop as child begins to walk
What curve is present in Juvenile? - Correct Answers -Increased Lumbar Lordosis
Decreased Thoracic Kyphosis
,What is a Primary Curvature? - Correct Answers -It is present at birth - Thoracic and
Sacral Kyphosis
What is a secondary curvature? - Correct Answers -Develops as the child begins to
raise his head and later walk - Cervical Lordosis and Lumbar Lordosis
What curvature is convex posteriorly? - Correct Answers -Thoracic and Sacral Kyphosis
What curvature is convex anteriorly? - Correct Answers -Cervical and Lumbar Lordosis
What is Swayback? - Correct Answers -Lordosis
What muscles are active in standing position? - Correct Answers -Postural 'anti-gravity'
muscles:
Calves (Gastrocnemius and Soleus) Muscles
Neck Muscles
Jaw Muscles
Postural Anti-gravity muscles includes ____ - Correct Answers -Calves (Gastrocnemius
and Soleus) Muscles
Neck Muscles
Jaw Muscles
Postural Compensation occurs in what three planes? - Correct Answers -Sagittal Plane
Coronal Plane
Axial (transverse) Plane
Dysfunction causes _____ to the posture? - Correct Answers -contorts posture to
maintain eye level
What is the compensation for Right Thoracic Scoliosis? - Correct Answers -Cervical
Spine bend to the left
CNS integration of proprioception, vestibular and Visual information
What is spinal compensation? - Correct Answers -Involves CNS integration of:
Proprioceptive info from muscles & tendons
Vestibular info from semi-circular canal
Visual info
What areas of the curve are most susceptible to somatic dysfunction? - Correct
Answers -Transition Zones:
Occipito-cervical Junction
Cervico-thoracic Junction
Thoraco-lumbar Junction
Lumbo-sacral junction
, Apex of the curves
Where on the spine Type II somatic dysfunction commonly found? - Correct Answers -
End of the Curve
Apex of the Curve
Compensatory Changes: Increased Lumbar Lordosis causes ________ - Correct
Answers -Increase Thoracic Kyphosis
Increase Cervical Lordosis
What is the appropriate method of spinal loading? - Correct Answers -When lifting -
bend your knees keeping your back straight (Do NOT bend at waist)
What are the 4 characteristics of Scheuerman's Kyphosis? - Correct Answers -
Excessive Thoracic Kyphosis
Runs in family - (not caused by poor posture)
Hump or 'Gibbus' is observed in Thoracic Spine
Anterior wedging in vertebra is observed
How do we treat Scheuermann's Kyphosis? - Correct Answers -CORE strenghtening
Hamstring
Paraspinal Muscle
Maintain Weight
Surgery
What is Hemiplegic Gait? - Correct Answers -Extensor Synergies
Paralysis of arm, leg and trunk on the same side
Example = stroke
Hip extension & internal rotation
Knee extension
Plantar Flexion & foot Inversion
What is the orientation in Hemiplegic Gait? - Correct Answers -Hip extension & internal
rotation
Knee extension
Plantar Flexion & foot Inversion
What is Spastic Diplegic Gait? - Correct Answers -Compass Gait = bipedal gait with
movement only at hip and ankle
Affects both Lower Extremity
Example = Cerebral Palsy
Extended Knee
What is the orientation in Spastic Diplegic Gait? - Correct Answers -Extended Knee
AND ANSWERS
What structures does the gravitational line (Plum Line) pass through? - Correct Answers
-Posterior to the apex of Coronal Suture
External Auditory Meatus
Head of the Humerus
Middle of L3 Vertebra
Femoral head
Posterior to mid-knee
Anterior to Lateral Malleolus
What is the location of Center of Gravity in a person? - Correct Answers -5cm anterior
to S2 Vertebra
What are the 4 characteristics of Upright Posture in humans? - Correct Answers -
Statically Unstable
Resembles 3 inverted pyramids
Potential Energy is maximized
Allows rotation around vertical axis (midline axis)-Teleceptors orient very quickly
What are Teleceptors and when do they orient quickly? - Correct Answers -Teleceptors
- sensory nerves in eyes, ear, nose that are sensitive to distant stimuli.
They orient quickly in rotation around vertical/midline axis in upright posture.
What curve is present at birth? - Correct Answers -Thoracic Kyphosis and Sacral
Kyphosis (Concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly)
What curve is present in Neonates? - Correct Answers -Cervical Lordosis (Convex
anteriorly and Concave posteriorly) - they have head control - cervical extensor muscles
develop
What curve is present in Toddlers? - Correct Answers -Lumbar Lordosis (Concave
posteriorly and Convex anteriorly) - back muscles develop as child begins to walk
What curve is present in Juvenile? - Correct Answers -Increased Lumbar Lordosis
Decreased Thoracic Kyphosis
,What is a Primary Curvature? - Correct Answers -It is present at birth - Thoracic and
Sacral Kyphosis
What is a secondary curvature? - Correct Answers -Develops as the child begins to
raise his head and later walk - Cervical Lordosis and Lumbar Lordosis
What curvature is convex posteriorly? - Correct Answers -Thoracic and Sacral Kyphosis
What curvature is convex anteriorly? - Correct Answers -Cervical and Lumbar Lordosis
What is Swayback? - Correct Answers -Lordosis
What muscles are active in standing position? - Correct Answers -Postural 'anti-gravity'
muscles:
Calves (Gastrocnemius and Soleus) Muscles
Neck Muscles
Jaw Muscles
Postural Anti-gravity muscles includes ____ - Correct Answers -Calves (Gastrocnemius
and Soleus) Muscles
Neck Muscles
Jaw Muscles
Postural Compensation occurs in what three planes? - Correct Answers -Sagittal Plane
Coronal Plane
Axial (transverse) Plane
Dysfunction causes _____ to the posture? - Correct Answers -contorts posture to
maintain eye level
What is the compensation for Right Thoracic Scoliosis? - Correct Answers -Cervical
Spine bend to the left
CNS integration of proprioception, vestibular and Visual information
What is spinal compensation? - Correct Answers -Involves CNS integration of:
Proprioceptive info from muscles & tendons
Vestibular info from semi-circular canal
Visual info
What areas of the curve are most susceptible to somatic dysfunction? - Correct
Answers -Transition Zones:
Occipito-cervical Junction
Cervico-thoracic Junction
Thoraco-lumbar Junction
Lumbo-sacral junction
, Apex of the curves
Where on the spine Type II somatic dysfunction commonly found? - Correct Answers -
End of the Curve
Apex of the Curve
Compensatory Changes: Increased Lumbar Lordosis causes ________ - Correct
Answers -Increase Thoracic Kyphosis
Increase Cervical Lordosis
What is the appropriate method of spinal loading? - Correct Answers -When lifting -
bend your knees keeping your back straight (Do NOT bend at waist)
What are the 4 characteristics of Scheuerman's Kyphosis? - Correct Answers -
Excessive Thoracic Kyphosis
Runs in family - (not caused by poor posture)
Hump or 'Gibbus' is observed in Thoracic Spine
Anterior wedging in vertebra is observed
How do we treat Scheuermann's Kyphosis? - Correct Answers -CORE strenghtening
Hamstring
Paraspinal Muscle
Maintain Weight
Surgery
What is Hemiplegic Gait? - Correct Answers -Extensor Synergies
Paralysis of arm, leg and trunk on the same side
Example = stroke
Hip extension & internal rotation
Knee extension
Plantar Flexion & foot Inversion
What is the orientation in Hemiplegic Gait? - Correct Answers -Hip extension & internal
rotation
Knee extension
Plantar Flexion & foot Inversion
What is Spastic Diplegic Gait? - Correct Answers -Compass Gait = bipedal gait with
movement only at hip and ankle
Affects both Lower Extremity
Example = Cerebral Palsy
Extended Knee
What is the orientation in Spastic Diplegic Gait? - Correct Answers -Extended Knee
