LECOM- HISTOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Microtubule structure - Correct Answers -Starts with a gamma tubulin ring at the
negative (-) end, adds alpha/beta tubulin to the positive (+) end through the use of GTP
Purpose of microtubules - Correct Answers -1. vesicular transport
2. movement of flagellum/cilia
3. separation of chromosomes in cell division
2 types of motor proteins - Correct Answers -Kinesins= move towards the positive end
of microtubules
Dyeins= move towards the negative end of microtubules
Actin - Correct Answers -spontaneously assembles without a basal body, requires
energy, and is very flexible
Intermediate filaments - Correct Answers -structural role, do not continuously reform,
cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions
Classes of intermediate filaments - Correct Answers -Cytoplasm:
keratins= all epithelial cells
vimentins= fibroblasts and neurons
neurofilaments= neurons
Nuclear:
lamins
Where is the nuclear lamina located? - Correct Answers -inside surface of the nuclear
envelope
Perinuclear space - Correct Answers -located inbetween the two bilayer membranes of
the nuclear envelope; is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum
What does the nuclear lamina do? - Correct Answers -acts as a scaffold for the
chromosomes and nuclear pores
, Osteogenesis imperfecta - Correct Answers -genetic mutation in type 1 collagen
assembly, "glass bone disease"
mesenchyme - Correct Answers -embryonic CT; primitive pluripotent CT (capable of
turning into other cell types); located around vessels in adults
mucus connective tissue - Correct Answers -embryonic CT; present in umbilical cord,
more space in between cells and less reticular fibers; gel-like ground substance
Wharton's jelly - Correct Answers -jelly-like appearance of mucus connective tissue
(embryonic)
Diseases associated with defective nuclear lamina - Correct Answers -Progeria
(premature aging)
Muscular dystrophy
Telomerase - Correct Answers -Adds nucleotides to the ends of the telomeres;
contributes to malignancy
Barr body - Correct Answers -When one of two X chromosomes is repressed and
remains condensed
What does the nucleolus do? - Correct Answers -rRNA synthesis
ribosome assembly
regulation of the cell cycle
Nucleostemin - Correct Answers -protein that regulates the cell cycle and influences
differentiation
static cell renewal - Correct Answers -no longer dividing (neurons)
stable cell renewal - Correct Answers -divide as needed (smooth muscle)
4 DNA damage checkpoint locations - Correct Answers -1. beginning of G1
2. middle of S
3. beginning of G2
4. middle of G2
4 basic tissue types - Correct Answers -epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What does H&E stand for? - Correct Answers -hematolxylin & eosin
Structures that stain basophilic - Correct Answers -heterochromatin and nucleoli
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Microtubule structure - Correct Answers -Starts with a gamma tubulin ring at the
negative (-) end, adds alpha/beta tubulin to the positive (+) end through the use of GTP
Purpose of microtubules - Correct Answers -1. vesicular transport
2. movement of flagellum/cilia
3. separation of chromosomes in cell division
2 types of motor proteins - Correct Answers -Kinesins= move towards the positive end
of microtubules
Dyeins= move towards the negative end of microtubules
Actin - Correct Answers -spontaneously assembles without a basal body, requires
energy, and is very flexible
Intermediate filaments - Correct Answers -structural role, do not continuously reform,
cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions
Classes of intermediate filaments - Correct Answers -Cytoplasm:
keratins= all epithelial cells
vimentins= fibroblasts and neurons
neurofilaments= neurons
Nuclear:
lamins
Where is the nuclear lamina located? - Correct Answers -inside surface of the nuclear
envelope
Perinuclear space - Correct Answers -located inbetween the two bilayer membranes of
the nuclear envelope; is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum
What does the nuclear lamina do? - Correct Answers -acts as a scaffold for the
chromosomes and nuclear pores
, Osteogenesis imperfecta - Correct Answers -genetic mutation in type 1 collagen
assembly, "glass bone disease"
mesenchyme - Correct Answers -embryonic CT; primitive pluripotent CT (capable of
turning into other cell types); located around vessels in adults
mucus connective tissue - Correct Answers -embryonic CT; present in umbilical cord,
more space in between cells and less reticular fibers; gel-like ground substance
Wharton's jelly - Correct Answers -jelly-like appearance of mucus connective tissue
(embryonic)
Diseases associated with defective nuclear lamina - Correct Answers -Progeria
(premature aging)
Muscular dystrophy
Telomerase - Correct Answers -Adds nucleotides to the ends of the telomeres;
contributes to malignancy
Barr body - Correct Answers -When one of two X chromosomes is repressed and
remains condensed
What does the nucleolus do? - Correct Answers -rRNA synthesis
ribosome assembly
regulation of the cell cycle
Nucleostemin - Correct Answers -protein that regulates the cell cycle and influences
differentiation
static cell renewal - Correct Answers -no longer dividing (neurons)
stable cell renewal - Correct Answers -divide as needed (smooth muscle)
4 DNA damage checkpoint locations - Correct Answers -1. beginning of G1
2. middle of S
3. beginning of G2
4. middle of G2
4 basic tissue types - Correct Answers -epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What does H&E stand for? - Correct Answers -hematolxylin & eosin
Structures that stain basophilic - Correct Answers -heterochromatin and nucleoli
