MMG 301 MSU Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed
Indoor Microbes - Answers Respritory tract- aerosols/droplet
Outdoor Microbes - Answers Soil, dust particles
Air sensitivity - Answers Enveloped viruses dry out, gram + more resistant to drying, gram - dry
out more, spores survive in the air well
Ro - Answers # of people that one person can infect
Streptococcus Pharyngitis - Answers Streptococcus pyogenes/ Group A strep (GAS)
Gram pos cocci - long chains
ROTM: asymptomatic carriers
Upper respiratory
Virulence: exotoxin SUPERANTIGEN
ID: Beta-hemolysis toxins
Presents: swelling, white plaques/abscesses, red spots, highly common (1/2 of sore throats)
Scarlet Fever - Answers Streptococcus pyogenes/ Group A strep (GAS)
Gram pos cocci- long chains
STREP THROAT SEQUELA
ROTM: Untreated strep throat of certain strains that have a phage
Virulence: erythrogenic exotoxin (SUPERANITGEN)
ID: Beta-hemolysis toxins
Presents: strawberry tongue, toxin causes red spotty rash
Rheumatic Fever - Answers Streptococcus pyogenes/ Group A strep (GAS)
Gram pos cocci- long chains
STREP THROAT SEQUELA
ROTM: Untreated strep throat 2-4 weeks after strep infection SUPERANTIGEN
Virulence: surface antigen resembles human antigen of heart and kidneys (M protein), attacks
self
,Presents: rheumatic heart damage, heart valve issues, kidney failure
Invasive Infections/ Necrotizing Fasciitis - Answers Streptococcus pyogenes/ Group A strep
(GAS)
Gram pos cocci- long chains
"Flesh Eating Bacteria"
ROTM: deep tissue infection
Virulence: exotoxin SUPERANTIGEN leading to tissue destruction
Presents: decaying flesh, rash, deep wounds
Beta-hemolytic Strep Pathogens - Answers Characterized by Lancefield Antigen (LFA)
Group A strep (GAS)= Streptococcus pyogenes
(Strep throat, scarlet and rheumatic fever, necrotizing fasciitis)
Group B strep (GBS)= Streptococcus agalactiae
(Newborn infections, mothers can be asymptomatic)
Groups C,D,F,G,H = rare
Pneumonia/ Meningitis - Answers Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram pos cocci - No LFA - Capsule producing
ROTM: nose and throat
Virulence: Pneumolysin - hemolytic toxin
ID: India ink, chest x-ray
Vaccine!
Pertussis (whooping cough) - Answers Bordetella pertussis
ROTM: lungs
Virulence: - AB toxin
- pertactin (adhesion)
- filamentous hemagglutinin (adhesion)
- 2 types of fimbriae (adhesion)
, - MAIN, tracheal cytotoxin, kills ciliated
tracheal epithelial cells
Vaccine!
Post exposure prophylaxis needed with exposure
Tuberculosis - Answers Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ M. Bovis
Intracellular parasite of alveolar macrophage cells
ROTM: Lungs
ID: acid fast stain and microscopy, x-ray, TB skin test
Virulence:
-hides in immune system, unique walls protect it.
- forms tubercles (nodules), calcify to form granulomas in lungs
-ILLICITS MASSIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE BUT HIDES IN MACROPHAGES
Cautions: Antibiotic resistant forms
-multidrug resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant (XDR-TB)
Latent TB - Answers Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ M. Bovis
Containment of latent asymptomatic TB in lungs until reactivation due to weak immune system
(opportunistic)
Bacterial Meningitis - Answers Neisseria meningitidis/ meningococcus
Gram neg coccus
ROTM: close proximity, air born, upper respriatory, and blood stream
Virulence: exotoxin
Presents: asymptomatic, ACUTE AND ONSET meningococcemia (meningococcal septicemia),
meningitis
Vaccine and IV antibiotics
Sepsis - Answers Inflammatory response in the blood
Virulence Factors - Answers What is expressed to invade anatomical site, enhance
pathogenesis and invasiveness
Indoor Microbes - Answers Respritory tract- aerosols/droplet
Outdoor Microbes - Answers Soil, dust particles
Air sensitivity - Answers Enveloped viruses dry out, gram + more resistant to drying, gram - dry
out more, spores survive in the air well
Ro - Answers # of people that one person can infect
Streptococcus Pharyngitis - Answers Streptococcus pyogenes/ Group A strep (GAS)
Gram pos cocci - long chains
ROTM: asymptomatic carriers
Upper respiratory
Virulence: exotoxin SUPERANTIGEN
ID: Beta-hemolysis toxins
Presents: swelling, white plaques/abscesses, red spots, highly common (1/2 of sore throats)
Scarlet Fever - Answers Streptococcus pyogenes/ Group A strep (GAS)
Gram pos cocci- long chains
STREP THROAT SEQUELA
ROTM: Untreated strep throat of certain strains that have a phage
Virulence: erythrogenic exotoxin (SUPERANITGEN)
ID: Beta-hemolysis toxins
Presents: strawberry tongue, toxin causes red spotty rash
Rheumatic Fever - Answers Streptococcus pyogenes/ Group A strep (GAS)
Gram pos cocci- long chains
STREP THROAT SEQUELA
ROTM: Untreated strep throat 2-4 weeks after strep infection SUPERANTIGEN
Virulence: surface antigen resembles human antigen of heart and kidneys (M protein), attacks
self
,Presents: rheumatic heart damage, heart valve issues, kidney failure
Invasive Infections/ Necrotizing Fasciitis - Answers Streptococcus pyogenes/ Group A strep
(GAS)
Gram pos cocci- long chains
"Flesh Eating Bacteria"
ROTM: deep tissue infection
Virulence: exotoxin SUPERANTIGEN leading to tissue destruction
Presents: decaying flesh, rash, deep wounds
Beta-hemolytic Strep Pathogens - Answers Characterized by Lancefield Antigen (LFA)
Group A strep (GAS)= Streptococcus pyogenes
(Strep throat, scarlet and rheumatic fever, necrotizing fasciitis)
Group B strep (GBS)= Streptococcus agalactiae
(Newborn infections, mothers can be asymptomatic)
Groups C,D,F,G,H = rare
Pneumonia/ Meningitis - Answers Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram pos cocci - No LFA - Capsule producing
ROTM: nose and throat
Virulence: Pneumolysin - hemolytic toxin
ID: India ink, chest x-ray
Vaccine!
Pertussis (whooping cough) - Answers Bordetella pertussis
ROTM: lungs
Virulence: - AB toxin
- pertactin (adhesion)
- filamentous hemagglutinin (adhesion)
- 2 types of fimbriae (adhesion)
, - MAIN, tracheal cytotoxin, kills ciliated
tracheal epithelial cells
Vaccine!
Post exposure prophylaxis needed with exposure
Tuberculosis - Answers Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ M. Bovis
Intracellular parasite of alveolar macrophage cells
ROTM: Lungs
ID: acid fast stain and microscopy, x-ray, TB skin test
Virulence:
-hides in immune system, unique walls protect it.
- forms tubercles (nodules), calcify to form granulomas in lungs
-ILLICITS MASSIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE BUT HIDES IN MACROPHAGES
Cautions: Antibiotic resistant forms
-multidrug resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant (XDR-TB)
Latent TB - Answers Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ M. Bovis
Containment of latent asymptomatic TB in lungs until reactivation due to weak immune system
(opportunistic)
Bacterial Meningitis - Answers Neisseria meningitidis/ meningococcus
Gram neg coccus
ROTM: close proximity, air born, upper respriatory, and blood stream
Virulence: exotoxin
Presents: asymptomatic, ACUTE AND ONSET meningococcemia (meningococcal septicemia),
meningitis
Vaccine and IV antibiotics
Sepsis - Answers Inflammatory response in the blood
Virulence Factors - Answers What is expressed to invade anatomical site, enhance
pathogenesis and invasiveness
