Chiro Theories Quiz 8 Study Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
What is the estimated incidence of post-SMT cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? - Answers
Approximately 1 case per 400,000 to 5.8 million cervical manipulations.
What is the most common vascular lesion associated with cervical SMT? - Answers Vertebral
artery dissection at the level of the upper cervical vertebra.
What factors are associated with dissection of cervical cerebral blood vessels? - Answers
Vertebral artery anomalies, fibromuscular dysplasia, medial cystic necrosis, connective-tissue
abnormalities, genetic collagen disorders, inherited factors, hyperhomocysteinemia, upper
respiratory infection, precursor lesions, and trauma.
What is the clinical presentation of vertebral artery dissection (VAD)? - Answers Sudden severe
unilateral head/neck pain; dizziness or vertigo; drop attacks; diplopia; dysarthria; dysphagia;
ataxia; nausea/vomiting; unilateral numbness; nystagmus; hemianesthesia; hemiparesis or
monoparesis; dysphasia; visual field disturbance; confusion.
Which neurological conditions must be monitored in patients with lumbar or cervical disc
syndromes? - Answers Progressive radiculopathy, myelopathy, or cauda equina syndrome
requiring emergency referral.
What is evidence-based health care? - Answers A system of practice that optimizes patient care
by integrating clinical expertise with the best available external scientific evidence.
What is the best method to determine evidence for a treatment's efficacy? - Answers A high-
quality systematic review of all available randomized clinical trials on the topic.
Is there scientific evidence for spinal manipulation for low back pain? - Answers Yes—short-term
efficacy for acute and chronic low back pain; insufficient evidence for confirmed disc herniation
with radiculopathy.
Is there scientific evidence for spinal manipulation for neck pain? - Answers Emerging evidence
shows manipulation and mobilization are similar to PT and exercise and superior to usual
medical care, but more high-quality trials are needed.
What research gaps remain regarding chiropractic spinal manipulation effectiveness? - Answers
Identifying optimal SMT types for specific MSK conditions, determining which patients benefit
most, and establishing ideal dose and treatment frequency.
What mechanisms have been proposed for SMT effects on non-MSK conditions? - Answers
Korr's hypothesis (autonomic alterations from joint dysfunction) and Nansel & Szlazak's
hypothesis (somatic dysfunction mimicking visceral symptoms).
How many RCTs exist for SMT in tension-type, migraine, and cervicogenic headache? - Answers
Three RCTs each for tension-type and migraine; four for cervicogenic headache.
What is the estimated incidence of post-SMT cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? - Answers
Approximately 1 case per 400,000 to 5.8 million cervical manipulations.
What is the most common vascular lesion associated with cervical SMT? - Answers Vertebral
artery dissection at the level of the upper cervical vertebra.
What factors are associated with dissection of cervical cerebral blood vessels? - Answers
Vertebral artery anomalies, fibromuscular dysplasia, medial cystic necrosis, connective-tissue
abnormalities, genetic collagen disorders, inherited factors, hyperhomocysteinemia, upper
respiratory infection, precursor lesions, and trauma.
What is the clinical presentation of vertebral artery dissection (VAD)? - Answers Sudden severe
unilateral head/neck pain; dizziness or vertigo; drop attacks; diplopia; dysarthria; dysphagia;
ataxia; nausea/vomiting; unilateral numbness; nystagmus; hemianesthesia; hemiparesis or
monoparesis; dysphasia; visual field disturbance; confusion.
Which neurological conditions must be monitored in patients with lumbar or cervical disc
syndromes? - Answers Progressive radiculopathy, myelopathy, or cauda equina syndrome
requiring emergency referral.
What is evidence-based health care? - Answers A system of practice that optimizes patient care
by integrating clinical expertise with the best available external scientific evidence.
What is the best method to determine evidence for a treatment's efficacy? - Answers A high-
quality systematic review of all available randomized clinical trials on the topic.
Is there scientific evidence for spinal manipulation for low back pain? - Answers Yes—short-term
efficacy for acute and chronic low back pain; insufficient evidence for confirmed disc herniation
with radiculopathy.
Is there scientific evidence for spinal manipulation for neck pain? - Answers Emerging evidence
shows manipulation and mobilization are similar to PT and exercise and superior to usual
medical care, but more high-quality trials are needed.
What research gaps remain regarding chiropractic spinal manipulation effectiveness? - Answers
Identifying optimal SMT types for specific MSK conditions, determining which patients benefit
most, and establishing ideal dose and treatment frequency.
What mechanisms have been proposed for SMT effects on non-MSK conditions? - Answers
Korr's hypothesis (autonomic alterations from joint dysfunction) and Nansel & Szlazak's
hypothesis (somatic dysfunction mimicking visceral symptoms).
How many RCTs exist for SMT in tension-type, migraine, and cervicogenic headache? - Answers
Three RCTs each for tension-type and migraine; four for cervicogenic headache.
