Rhetoric - Answers How and why our world seems normal, natural, and permanent.
scope - Answers diversity of a phenomenon
3 views of rhetoric - Answers the bad (empty + performative), the good (constitutive action), the
ugly (instrumental speech)
instrumental speech - Answers Language as a tool for expressing thought.
Change beliefs through persuasion.
inflationary speech - Answers Empty words, actions matter more.
constitutive speech - Answers language shapes reality
Alter structures and systems to reshape behavior.
Deductive reasoning - Answers general to specific
Inductive Reasoning - Answers specific to general
Toulmin Model - Answers Ground, Claim, Warrant, Qualifier, Backing, Rebuttal
Media's Role in society - Answers Constitutes an environment, shaping perception.
Algorithms and systems reinforce biases.
Sacralization - Answers Ideology appears as non-ideology
Thinking like a Mountain - Answers Cultivate humility and an "other-centered" perspective.
Recognize ecological interdependence.
Aristotle's Speech Types - Answers Deliberative: Future-oriented (policy).
Epideictic: Present-focused (praise/blame).
Forensic: Past-based (justice).
Key Ideas of Constitutive Rhetoric - Answers Identity and social structures shape
communication.
Structural power reinforces inequality.
Utterances create and reinforce reality.
Jeremiad - Answers genre of speech: comes from the traditions of speeches delivered by
prophets: not meant to persuade but to alienate and make people recognize what they have