NSG124 Pharmacology Study Test Plan Exam 2 Questions and Answers
1. Bactericidal Directly lethal to bacteria
2. Bacteriostatic Slows bacterial growth but does not cause cell death
Relies on host's defenses to eliminate bacteria
3. Dosage and du- Dosage should create 4-8 x MIC (MI concentration)
ration of treat- Medications should not be discontinued prematurely.
ment
4. Prophylactic Use 30-50% of antibiotics in US are given prophylactically
of Antimicrobials Most useful for cardiac, peripheral vascular, orthopedic, GI surgery
5. Misuses of an- Approximately 50% of antibiotic use is inappropriate or unnecessary
timicrobial Common cold, bronchitis, sore throat, sinusitis
Attempted treatment of viral infection
6. Pencillins MOA weakens cell wall, causes bacteria to take up a lot of water and eventually rupture
bactericidal (causes cell death)
only effective on bacterial cells that are growing and dividing
preferred antibiotic for gram-positive bacteria
7. Penicillin: Broad Covers both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Spectrum Ex: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
8. Penicillin: Narrow Treats either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, not both
Spectrum Ex: Pencillin G, Pencillin V (penicillinase sensitive, affected by beta-lactamases)
Ex: Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin (penicillinase resistant, not affected by beta-lac-
tamases)
9. Penicillin side/ad- Severe:
verse effects: Anaphylaxis,
Drug to Drug Interaction:
, NSG124 Pharmacology Study Test Plan Exam 2 Questions and Answers
Interacts with aminoglycosides, PCN should be administered first and allowed to
dilute in body fluids
10. Penicillin admin- Given orally, IM, and IV
istration During IM injection, aspirate to avoid injection into an artery. Take care to avoid
injection into a nerve.
Take full course of medication, do not stop early
Take 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after (exceptions: Penicillin V, amoxicillin, and
amoxicillin/clavulanate)
11. penicillin G is only given via injection because it is broken down by the stomach acids
12. penicillin patient 1.Drink a lot of fluids and maintain nutrition
teaching 2.Report diflculty breathing, severe headache, sever diarrhea, rash, hives, dizzi-
ness, weekness, mounth sores and vaginal itching or sores
3.Take on empty stomach (2-3 h;ours before a meal) with full glass of water
13. Cephalosporins Coverage: Gram +
1st generation -cephalexin
-cefadroxil
14. Cephalosporins Coverage: Gram + and Gram neg
2nd generation -cefuroxime
-cefaclor
-cefprozil
15. cephalosporins Coverage: Gram neg. (weak Gram +)
3rd generation -ceftibuten
-cefixime
16. cephalosporins Cefepime
4th generation
17.
1. Bactericidal Directly lethal to bacteria
2. Bacteriostatic Slows bacterial growth but does not cause cell death
Relies on host's defenses to eliminate bacteria
3. Dosage and du- Dosage should create 4-8 x MIC (MI concentration)
ration of treat- Medications should not be discontinued prematurely.
ment
4. Prophylactic Use 30-50% of antibiotics in US are given prophylactically
of Antimicrobials Most useful for cardiac, peripheral vascular, orthopedic, GI surgery
5. Misuses of an- Approximately 50% of antibiotic use is inappropriate or unnecessary
timicrobial Common cold, bronchitis, sore throat, sinusitis
Attempted treatment of viral infection
6. Pencillins MOA weakens cell wall, causes bacteria to take up a lot of water and eventually rupture
bactericidal (causes cell death)
only effective on bacterial cells that are growing and dividing
preferred antibiotic for gram-positive bacteria
7. Penicillin: Broad Covers both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Spectrum Ex: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
8. Penicillin: Narrow Treats either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, not both
Spectrum Ex: Pencillin G, Pencillin V (penicillinase sensitive, affected by beta-lactamases)
Ex: Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin (penicillinase resistant, not affected by beta-lac-
tamases)
9. Penicillin side/ad- Severe:
verse effects: Anaphylaxis,
Drug to Drug Interaction:
, NSG124 Pharmacology Study Test Plan Exam 2 Questions and Answers
Interacts with aminoglycosides, PCN should be administered first and allowed to
dilute in body fluids
10. Penicillin admin- Given orally, IM, and IV
istration During IM injection, aspirate to avoid injection into an artery. Take care to avoid
injection into a nerve.
Take full course of medication, do not stop early
Take 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after (exceptions: Penicillin V, amoxicillin, and
amoxicillin/clavulanate)
11. penicillin G is only given via injection because it is broken down by the stomach acids
12. penicillin patient 1.Drink a lot of fluids and maintain nutrition
teaching 2.Report diflculty breathing, severe headache, sever diarrhea, rash, hives, dizzi-
ness, weekness, mounth sores and vaginal itching or sores
3.Take on empty stomach (2-3 h;ours before a meal) with full glass of water
13. Cephalosporins Coverage: Gram +
1st generation -cephalexin
-cefadroxil
14. Cephalosporins Coverage: Gram + and Gram neg
2nd generation -cefuroxime
-cefaclor
-cefprozil
15. cephalosporins Coverage: Gram neg. (weak Gram +)
3rd generation -ceftibuten
-cefixime
16. cephalosporins Cefepime
4th generation
17.
