ELEMENTARY STATISTICS Picturing
The World 6th Edition by Larson
Downloaded by: ProfTrevorswhite | Want to earn $1.236
Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.comWd-
WdTheWdMarketplaceWdtoWdBuyWdandWdSellWdyourWdStudyWdMaterial
Table of content Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 1 Introduction to Statistics ...............................................................................................4
Wd W d Wd Wd
1.1 An Overview of Statistics..................................................................................................................................... 4
Wd Wd Wd
1.2 Data Classification ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Wd
1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design .................................................................................................... 7
Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 2 Descriptive Statistics ....................................................................................................... 13
Wd W d Wd
2.1 Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs................................................................................................ 13
Wd Wd Wd Wd
2.2 More Graphs and Displays ............................................................................................................................... 19
Wd Wd Wd
2.3 Measures of Central Tendency ....................................................................................................................... 25
Wd Wd Wd
2.4 Measures of Variation.......................................................................................................................................... 33
Wd Wd
2.5 Measures of Position ............................................................................................................................................ 43
Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 3 Probability ............................................................................................................................... 73
Wd W d
3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting............................................................................................ 73
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
3.2 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule............................................................................... 82
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
3.3 The Addition Rule .................................................................................................................................................. 86
Wd Wd
3.4 Additional Topics in Probability and Counting ........................................................................................ 94
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 4 Discrete Probability Distributions ........................................................................ 103
Wd W d Wd Wd
4.1 Probability Distributions ..................................................................................................................................... 103
Wd
4.2 Binomial Distributions ......................................................................................................................................... 111
Wd
4.3 More Discrete Probability Distributions ...................................................................................................... 118
Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 5 Normal Probability Distributions .......................................................................... 128
Wd W d Wd Wd
5.1 Introduction to Normal Distributions and the Standard Normal Distribution....................... 128
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
5.2 Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities .............................................................................................. 132
Wd Wd Wd
5.3 Normal Distributions: Finding Values ......................................................................................................... 134
Wd Wd Wd
5.4 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem .................................................................. 139
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
5.5 Normal Approximations to Binomial Distributions ............................................................................... 144
Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 6 Confidence Intervals ..................................................................................................... 155
Wd W d Wd
6.1 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Large Samples) ....................................................................... 155
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
6.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Small Samples) ....................................................................... 158
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
6.3 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions .................................................................................. 161
Wd Wd Wd Wd
6.4 Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation ........................................................... 164
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample .............................................................. 172
Wd W d Wd Wd Wd Wd
7.1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing ............................................................................................................. 172
Wd Wd Wd
7.2 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Large Samples)........................................................................... 176
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
7.3 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Small Samples) ........................................................................... 179
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
7.4 Hypothesis Testing for Proportions ............................................................................................................. 183
Wd Wd Wd
7.5 Hypothesis Testing for Variance and Standard Deviation .............................................................. 185
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples ........................................................... 199
Wd W d Wd Wd Wd Wd
8.1 Testing the Difference Between Means (Large Independent Samples) ................................... 199
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
8.2 Testing the Difference Between Means (Small Independent Samples) ................................... 209
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
8.3 Testing the Difference Between Means (Dependent Samples)..................................................... 218
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
8.4 Testing the Difference Between Proportions .......................................................................................... 225
Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 9 Correlation and Regression ..................................................................................... 236
Wd W d Wd Wd
9.1 Correlation ................................................................................................................................................................ 236
9.2 Linear Regression ................................................................................................................................................. 245
Wd
9.3 Measures of Regression and Prediction Intervals ............................................................................... 256
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
9.4 Multiple Regression .............................................................................................................................................. 264
Wd
CHAPTER. 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution..................................................... 274
Wd W d Wd Wd Wd Wd
10.1 Goodness-of-Fit Test ....................................................................................................................................... 274
W d
10.2 Independence ....................................................................................................................................................... 282
10.3 Comparing Two Variances ............................................................................................................................. 292
Wd Wd
10.4 Analysis of Variance ........................................................................................................................................ 300
Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 11 Nonparametric Tests .................................................................................................. 319
Wd W d Wd
CopyrightW d ©W d 2012W d PearsonW d Educati
on,W d I
DownloadedWdby:WdProfTrevorswhiteWd|Wdmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c WantWdtoWdearnWd$1.
om 236
DistributionWdofWdthisWddocumentWdisWdillegal extraWdperWdyear?
, Stuvia.comWd-
11.1 The Sign Test .....................................................................................................................................................
Wd Wd
The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
319
11.2 The Wilcoxon Tests .......................................................................................................................................... 327
Wd Wd
11.3 The Kruskal-Wallis Test ................................................................................................................................. 333
Wd Wd
11.4 Rank Correlation................................................................................................................................................. 337
Wd
11.5 The Runs Test .................................................................................................................................................... 344
Wd Wd
CopyrightW d ©W d 2012W d PearsonW d Educati
on,W d I
DownloadedWdby:WdProfTrevorswhiteWd|Wdmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c WantWdtoWdearnWd$1.
om 236
DistributionWdofWdthisWddocumentWdisWdillegal extraWdperWdyear?
, Stuvia.comWd-
WdTheWdMarketplaceWdtoWdBuyWdandWdSellWdyourWdStudyWdMaterial
CHAPTER. 1 Introduction to Statistics
Wd W d Wd Wd
1.1 An Overview of Statistics
Wd Wd Wd
1 DistinguishW d BetweenW d aW d PopulationW d andW d aW d Sample
ANSWER. W d WriteW d theW d wordW d orW d phraseW d thatW d bestW d completesW d eachW d statementW d orW d answersW d theW d questi
on.
IdentifyW d theW d populationW d andW d theW d sample.
1) AW d surveyW d ofW d 1378W d AmericanW d householdsW d foundW d thatW d 27%W d ofW d theW d householdsW d ownW d aW d comp
uter.
2) WhenW d 1094W d AmericanW d householdsW d wereW d surveyed,W d itW d wasW d foundW d thatW d 67%W d ofW d themW d owned
W d twoW d cars.
3) AW d surveyW d ofW d 2625W d elementaryW d schoolW d childrenW d foundW d thatW d 28%W d ofW d theW d childrenW d couldW d be
W d classifiedW d asWdobese.
2 DistinguishW d BetweenW d aW d ParameterW d andW d aW d Statistic
ANSWER. W d WriteW d theW d wordW d orW d phraseW d thatW d bestW d completesW d eachW d statementW d orW d answersW d theW d questi
on.
DetermineW d whetherW d theW d numericalW d valueW d isW d aW d parameterW d orW d aW d statistic.W d ExplainW d yourW d r
easoning.
4) AW d recentW d surveyW d byW d theW d alumniW d ofW d aW d majorW d universityW d indicatedW d thatW d theW d avera
geW d salaryW d ofWd10,500WdofWditsWd17Wd5,000W d graduatesW d wasW d $95,000.
5) TheW d averageW d salaryW d ofW d allW d assemblyW d -
lineW d employeesW d atW d aW d certainW d carW d manufacturerW d isW d $41,000..
6) AW d surveyW d ofW d 1162W d studentsW d wasW d takenW d fromW d aW d universityW d withW d 10,000W d students.
3 DistinguishW d BetweenW d DescriptiveW d StatisticsW d andW d InferentialW d Statistics
MULTIPLEW d CHOICE.W d ChooseW d theW d oneW d alternativeW d thatW d bestW d completesW d theW d statementW d orW d answersW d the
W d question.
IdentifyW d whetherW d theW d statementW d describesW d inferentialW d statisticsW d orW d descriptiveW d statistics.
7) TheW d averageW d ageW d ofW d theW d studentsW d inW d aW d statisticsW d classW d isW d 19W d years.
A) descriptiveW d statistics B)W d inferentialW d statistics
8) TheW d chancesW d ofW d winningW d theW d CaliforniaW d LotteryW d areW d oneW d chanceW d inW d twenty-twoW d million.
A) inferentialW d statistics B)W d descriptiveW d statistics
9) ThereW d isW d aW d relationshipW d betweenW d smokingW d cigarettesW d andW d gettingW d emphysema.
A) inferentialW d statistics B)W d descriptiveW d statistics
10) FromW d pastW d figures,W d itW d isW d predictedW d thatW d 19%W d ofW d theW d registeredW d votersW d inW d CaliforniaW d wi
llW d voteW d inW d theWdJuneWdprimary.
A) inferentialW d statistics B)W d descriptiveW d statistics
11) BasedWdonWdpreviousWdclients,W d aWdmarriageWdcounselorWdconcludesWdthatWdtheWdmajorit
yWdofW d marriagesW d thatW d beginWdwithW d cohabitationW d beforeW d marriageW d willW d res
ultW d inW d divorce.
A) inferentialW d statistics B)W d descriptiveW d statistics
4 Concepts
ANSWER. W d WriteW d theW d wordW d orW d phraseW d thatW d bestW d completesW d eachW d statementW d orW d answersW d theW d questi
on.
ProvideW d anW d appropriateW d response.
12) ExplainW d theW d differenceW d betweenW d aW d sampleW d andW d aW d population.
CopyrightW d ©W d 2012W d PearsonW d Educati
on,W d I
DownloadedWdby:WdProfTrevorswhiteWd|Wdmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c WantWdtoWdearnWd$1.
om 236
DistributionWdofWdthisWddocumentWdisWdillegal extraWdperWdyear?
The World 6th Edition by Larson
Downloaded by: ProfTrevorswhite | Want to earn $1.236
Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.comWd-
WdTheWdMarketplaceWdtoWdBuyWdandWdSellWdyourWdStudyWdMaterial
Table of content Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 1 Introduction to Statistics ...............................................................................................4
Wd W d Wd Wd
1.1 An Overview of Statistics..................................................................................................................................... 4
Wd Wd Wd
1.2 Data Classification ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Wd
1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design .................................................................................................... 7
Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 2 Descriptive Statistics ....................................................................................................... 13
Wd W d Wd
2.1 Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs................................................................................................ 13
Wd Wd Wd Wd
2.2 More Graphs and Displays ............................................................................................................................... 19
Wd Wd Wd
2.3 Measures of Central Tendency ....................................................................................................................... 25
Wd Wd Wd
2.4 Measures of Variation.......................................................................................................................................... 33
Wd Wd
2.5 Measures of Position ............................................................................................................................................ 43
Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 3 Probability ............................................................................................................................... 73
Wd W d
3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting............................................................................................ 73
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
3.2 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule............................................................................... 82
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
3.3 The Addition Rule .................................................................................................................................................. 86
Wd Wd
3.4 Additional Topics in Probability and Counting ........................................................................................ 94
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 4 Discrete Probability Distributions ........................................................................ 103
Wd W d Wd Wd
4.1 Probability Distributions ..................................................................................................................................... 103
Wd
4.2 Binomial Distributions ......................................................................................................................................... 111
Wd
4.3 More Discrete Probability Distributions ...................................................................................................... 118
Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 5 Normal Probability Distributions .......................................................................... 128
Wd W d Wd Wd
5.1 Introduction to Normal Distributions and the Standard Normal Distribution....................... 128
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
5.2 Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities .............................................................................................. 132
Wd Wd Wd
5.3 Normal Distributions: Finding Values ......................................................................................................... 134
Wd Wd Wd
5.4 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem .................................................................. 139
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
5.5 Normal Approximations to Binomial Distributions ............................................................................... 144
Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 6 Confidence Intervals ..................................................................................................... 155
Wd W d Wd
6.1 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Large Samples) ....................................................................... 155
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
6.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Small Samples) ....................................................................... 158
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
6.3 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions .................................................................................. 161
Wd Wd Wd Wd
6.4 Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation ........................................................... 164
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample .............................................................. 172
Wd W d Wd Wd Wd Wd
7.1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing ............................................................................................................. 172
Wd Wd Wd
7.2 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Large Samples)........................................................................... 176
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
7.3 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Small Samples) ........................................................................... 179
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
7.4 Hypothesis Testing for Proportions ............................................................................................................. 183
Wd Wd Wd
7.5 Hypothesis Testing for Variance and Standard Deviation .............................................................. 185
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples ........................................................... 199
Wd W d Wd Wd Wd Wd
8.1 Testing the Difference Between Means (Large Independent Samples) ................................... 199
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
8.2 Testing the Difference Between Means (Small Independent Samples) ................................... 209
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
8.3 Testing the Difference Between Means (Dependent Samples)..................................................... 218
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
8.4 Testing the Difference Between Proportions .......................................................................................... 225
Wd Wd Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 9 Correlation and Regression ..................................................................................... 236
Wd W d Wd Wd
9.1 Correlation ................................................................................................................................................................ 236
9.2 Linear Regression ................................................................................................................................................. 245
Wd
9.3 Measures of Regression and Prediction Intervals ............................................................................... 256
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
9.4 Multiple Regression .............................................................................................................................................. 264
Wd
CHAPTER. 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution..................................................... 274
Wd W d Wd Wd Wd Wd
10.1 Goodness-of-Fit Test ....................................................................................................................................... 274
W d
10.2 Independence ....................................................................................................................................................... 282
10.3 Comparing Two Variances ............................................................................................................................. 292
Wd Wd
10.4 Analysis of Variance ........................................................................................................................................ 300
Wd Wd
CHAPTER. 11 Nonparametric Tests .................................................................................................. 319
Wd W d Wd
CopyrightW d ©W d 2012W d PearsonW d Educati
on,W d I
DownloadedWdby:WdProfTrevorswhiteWd|Wdmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c WantWdtoWdearnWd$1.
om 236
DistributionWdofWdthisWddocumentWdisWdillegal extraWdperWdyear?
, Stuvia.comWd-
11.1 The Sign Test .....................................................................................................................................................
Wd Wd
The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd Wd
319
11.2 The Wilcoxon Tests .......................................................................................................................................... 327
Wd Wd
11.3 The Kruskal-Wallis Test ................................................................................................................................. 333
Wd Wd
11.4 Rank Correlation................................................................................................................................................. 337
Wd
11.5 The Runs Test .................................................................................................................................................... 344
Wd Wd
CopyrightW d ©W d 2012W d PearsonW d Educati
on,W d I
DownloadedWdby:WdProfTrevorswhiteWd|Wdmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c WantWdtoWdearnWd$1.
om 236
DistributionWdofWdthisWddocumentWdisWdillegal extraWdperWdyear?
, Stuvia.comWd-
WdTheWdMarketplaceWdtoWdBuyWdandWdSellWdyourWdStudyWdMaterial
CHAPTER. 1 Introduction to Statistics
Wd W d Wd Wd
1.1 An Overview of Statistics
Wd Wd Wd
1 DistinguishW d BetweenW d aW d PopulationW d andW d aW d Sample
ANSWER. W d WriteW d theW d wordW d orW d phraseW d thatW d bestW d completesW d eachW d statementW d orW d answersW d theW d questi
on.
IdentifyW d theW d populationW d andW d theW d sample.
1) AW d surveyW d ofW d 1378W d AmericanW d householdsW d foundW d thatW d 27%W d ofW d theW d householdsW d ownW d aW d comp
uter.
2) WhenW d 1094W d AmericanW d householdsW d wereW d surveyed,W d itW d wasW d foundW d thatW d 67%W d ofW d themW d owned
W d twoW d cars.
3) AW d surveyW d ofW d 2625W d elementaryW d schoolW d childrenW d foundW d thatW d 28%W d ofW d theW d childrenW d couldW d be
W d classifiedW d asWdobese.
2 DistinguishW d BetweenW d aW d ParameterW d andW d aW d Statistic
ANSWER. W d WriteW d theW d wordW d orW d phraseW d thatW d bestW d completesW d eachW d statementW d orW d answersW d theW d questi
on.
DetermineW d whetherW d theW d numericalW d valueW d isW d aW d parameterW d orW d aW d statistic.W d ExplainW d yourW d r
easoning.
4) AW d recentW d surveyW d byW d theW d alumniW d ofW d aW d majorW d universityW d indicatedW d thatW d theW d avera
geW d salaryW d ofWd10,500WdofWditsWd17Wd5,000W d graduatesW d wasW d $95,000.
5) TheW d averageW d salaryW d ofW d allW d assemblyW d -
lineW d employeesW d atW d aW d certainW d carW d manufacturerW d isW d $41,000..
6) AW d surveyW d ofW d 1162W d studentsW d wasW d takenW d fromW d aW d universityW d withW d 10,000W d students.
3 DistinguishW d BetweenW d DescriptiveW d StatisticsW d andW d InferentialW d Statistics
MULTIPLEW d CHOICE.W d ChooseW d theW d oneW d alternativeW d thatW d bestW d completesW d theW d statementW d orW d answersW d the
W d question.
IdentifyW d whetherW d theW d statementW d describesW d inferentialW d statisticsW d orW d descriptiveW d statistics.
7) TheW d averageW d ageW d ofW d theW d studentsW d inW d aW d statisticsW d classW d isW d 19W d years.
A) descriptiveW d statistics B)W d inferentialW d statistics
8) TheW d chancesW d ofW d winningW d theW d CaliforniaW d LotteryW d areW d oneW d chanceW d inW d twenty-twoW d million.
A) inferentialW d statistics B)W d descriptiveW d statistics
9) ThereW d isW d aW d relationshipW d betweenW d smokingW d cigarettesW d andW d gettingW d emphysema.
A) inferentialW d statistics B)W d descriptiveW d statistics
10) FromW d pastW d figures,W d itW d isW d predictedW d thatW d 19%W d ofW d theW d registeredW d votersW d inW d CaliforniaW d wi
llW d voteW d inW d theWdJuneWdprimary.
A) inferentialW d statistics B)W d descriptiveW d statistics
11) BasedWdonWdpreviousWdclients,W d aWdmarriageWdcounselorWdconcludesWdthatWdtheWdmajorit
yWdofW d marriagesW d thatW d beginWdwithW d cohabitationW d beforeW d marriageW d willW d res
ultW d inW d divorce.
A) inferentialW d statistics B)W d descriptiveW d statistics
4 Concepts
ANSWER. W d WriteW d theW d wordW d orW d phraseW d thatW d bestW d completesW d eachW d statementW d orW d answersW d theW d questi
on.
ProvideW d anW d appropriateW d response.
12) ExplainW d theW d differenceW d betweenW d aW d sampleW d andW d aW d population.
CopyrightW d ©W d 2012W d PearsonW d Educati
on,W d I
DownloadedWdby:WdProfTrevorswhiteWd|Wdmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c WantWdtoWdearnWd$1.
om 236
DistributionWdofWdthisWddocumentWdisWdillegal extraWdperWdyear?
