PPLE Final Exam Review (Lecture
Slides)
Science has to do with _____ and _____ (is, are, ought, should be) - answer Is, are
Science has to do with facts, values, or both? - answer Facts
Healthcare has to do with _____ and _____ (is, are, ought, should be) - answerIs, ought
Healthcare has to do with facts, values, or both? - answerBoth
Ethics has to do with _____ and _____ (is, are, ought, should be) - answerOught,
should be
Ethics has to do with facts, values, or both? - answerValues
Virtue ethics focuses on the character of the moral _____ - answerActor
Deontolo-logical ethics focuses on... - answerWhether the act conforms to a universal
rational duty
Utilitarian ethics focuses on... - answerWhether the act results in maximum of good
consequences over bad ones
Autonomy is... - answerSelf-determination
Non-maleficence is... - answerDo no harm
I.e., when there is no positive obligation to help someone, there is at least the obligation
not to do harm
Beneficence is... - answerPromote patient best interest
I.e., this means taking some harm (side effects) to achieve greater benefits (therapeutic
outcome) that outweighs the harm
Justice is... - answerFair allocation of benefits and burdens
I.e., not retributive justice (punishment), but DISTRIBUTIVE justice
Law is a subset of... - answerEthics
,How are law and ethics the same? (3) - answer1. We ought to observe both ethical and
legal obligations
2. Informal criticism and ostracization
3. Goal to exceed minimal demands and aspire to highest duty or even altruism
How are law and ethics different? (3) - answer1. We must observe legal obligations
2. Formal procedures for assessing guilt or responsibility and enforcing payments,
boundaries, or imprisonment
3. Goal is merely to avoid punishment by exceeding minimal standard
What is the APhA Code of Ethics for Pharmacists (I-IV)? - answerI. A pharmacist
respects the covenantal relationship between the patient and pharmacist
II. A pharmacist promotes the good of every patient in a caring, compassionate, and
confidential manner
III. A pharmacist respects the autonomy and dignity of each patient
IV. A pharmacist acts with honesty and integrity in professional relationships
What is the APhA Code of Ethics for Pharmacists? (V-VIII)? - answerV. A pharmacist
maintains professional competence
VI. A pharmacist respects the values and abilities of colleagues and other health
professionals
VII. A pharmacist serves individual community, and societal needs
VIII. A pharmacist seeks justice in the distribution of health resources
What is the difference between professional ethics and personal ethics? -
answerProfessional ethics focuses on supporting the pharmacist-patient relationship
AND the profession's relationship to society at large
May conflict with personal ethics/values
What consists of the federal level in the legislative branch? - answerCongress: Senate
& HoR
What happens during the federal level in the legislative branch? - answerLegislator
sponsors a bill —> Bill is sent to appropriate committee (determines whether bill will go
to Senate or House floor) —> Majority leadership places bill on calendar —> Must pass
in one chamber before being sent to other chamber —> Conference committee must
rectify differences —> President approves or vetos bill (Congress can override veto with
2/3 vote)
State legislatures generally are modeled after... - answerCongress (the process is the
same as federal level)
Legislative history under state level is generally (easier/harder) to determine because
(fewer/more) written records of committee hearings and reports - answerHarder, fewer
, Criminal action: _____ v. _____ - answerGovernment, private party
A _____ action is when an individual is charged with a crime as prohibited by a statute
and subject to penalties specified by statute - answerCriminal
What can happen to the defendant during a criminal action? - answerDefendant is either
acquitted or guilty
What is the objective for a criminal action? - answerTo deter, punish, or rehabilitate
Civil action: _____ v. _____ - answerPrivate party, private party
A _____ action may be based upon a statute or common law legal rights - answerCivil
What can happen to the defendant during a civil action? - answerDefendant can be
found liable or not liable
What is the objective for a civil action? - answerTo compensate injured party
Administrative action: _____ v. _____ - answerAgency, private party
A _____ action is a disciplinary determination which may include warning, fines,
licensure revocation, suspension, or probation. - answerAdministrative
What can happen to the defendant during an administrative action? - answerDefendant
can have license/permit suspended, revoked, or fines imposed
What are the 4 Federal Court Systems? - answer1. U.S. Supreme Court
2. Court of Appeals
3. District Courts
4. Specialty Courts
The _____ _____ _____ is the highest U.S. court with _____ justices with lifetime
appointment - answerU.S. Supreme Court, 9
The _____ _____ _____ has 12 judicial circuits and courts and primarily hear appeals -
answerCourt of Appeals
The _____ _____ is a jurisdiction primarily based on whether there is a federal law or
constitutional issue, diversity citizenship, or if a state or U.S. is a party - answerDistrict
Courts
What are the 3 State Court Systems? - answer1. State Supreme Court
2. Intermediate Appellate Courts
3. Trial Courts
Slides)
Science has to do with _____ and _____ (is, are, ought, should be) - answer Is, are
Science has to do with facts, values, or both? - answer Facts
Healthcare has to do with _____ and _____ (is, are, ought, should be) - answerIs, ought
Healthcare has to do with facts, values, or both? - answerBoth
Ethics has to do with _____ and _____ (is, are, ought, should be) - answerOught,
should be
Ethics has to do with facts, values, or both? - answerValues
Virtue ethics focuses on the character of the moral _____ - answerActor
Deontolo-logical ethics focuses on... - answerWhether the act conforms to a universal
rational duty
Utilitarian ethics focuses on... - answerWhether the act results in maximum of good
consequences over bad ones
Autonomy is... - answerSelf-determination
Non-maleficence is... - answerDo no harm
I.e., when there is no positive obligation to help someone, there is at least the obligation
not to do harm
Beneficence is... - answerPromote patient best interest
I.e., this means taking some harm (side effects) to achieve greater benefits (therapeutic
outcome) that outweighs the harm
Justice is... - answerFair allocation of benefits and burdens
I.e., not retributive justice (punishment), but DISTRIBUTIVE justice
Law is a subset of... - answerEthics
,How are law and ethics the same? (3) - answer1. We ought to observe both ethical and
legal obligations
2. Informal criticism and ostracization
3. Goal to exceed minimal demands and aspire to highest duty or even altruism
How are law and ethics different? (3) - answer1. We must observe legal obligations
2. Formal procedures for assessing guilt or responsibility and enforcing payments,
boundaries, or imprisonment
3. Goal is merely to avoid punishment by exceeding minimal standard
What is the APhA Code of Ethics for Pharmacists (I-IV)? - answerI. A pharmacist
respects the covenantal relationship between the patient and pharmacist
II. A pharmacist promotes the good of every patient in a caring, compassionate, and
confidential manner
III. A pharmacist respects the autonomy and dignity of each patient
IV. A pharmacist acts with honesty and integrity in professional relationships
What is the APhA Code of Ethics for Pharmacists? (V-VIII)? - answerV. A pharmacist
maintains professional competence
VI. A pharmacist respects the values and abilities of colleagues and other health
professionals
VII. A pharmacist serves individual community, and societal needs
VIII. A pharmacist seeks justice in the distribution of health resources
What is the difference between professional ethics and personal ethics? -
answerProfessional ethics focuses on supporting the pharmacist-patient relationship
AND the profession's relationship to society at large
May conflict with personal ethics/values
What consists of the federal level in the legislative branch? - answerCongress: Senate
& HoR
What happens during the federal level in the legislative branch? - answerLegislator
sponsors a bill —> Bill is sent to appropriate committee (determines whether bill will go
to Senate or House floor) —> Majority leadership places bill on calendar —> Must pass
in one chamber before being sent to other chamber —> Conference committee must
rectify differences —> President approves or vetos bill (Congress can override veto with
2/3 vote)
State legislatures generally are modeled after... - answerCongress (the process is the
same as federal level)
Legislative history under state level is generally (easier/harder) to determine because
(fewer/more) written records of committee hearings and reports - answerHarder, fewer
, Criminal action: _____ v. _____ - answerGovernment, private party
A _____ action is when an individual is charged with a crime as prohibited by a statute
and subject to penalties specified by statute - answerCriminal
What can happen to the defendant during a criminal action? - answerDefendant is either
acquitted or guilty
What is the objective for a criminal action? - answerTo deter, punish, or rehabilitate
Civil action: _____ v. _____ - answerPrivate party, private party
A _____ action may be based upon a statute or common law legal rights - answerCivil
What can happen to the defendant during a civil action? - answerDefendant can be
found liable or not liable
What is the objective for a civil action? - answerTo compensate injured party
Administrative action: _____ v. _____ - answerAgency, private party
A _____ action is a disciplinary determination which may include warning, fines,
licensure revocation, suspension, or probation. - answerAdministrative
What can happen to the defendant during an administrative action? - answerDefendant
can have license/permit suspended, revoked, or fines imposed
What are the 4 Federal Court Systems? - answer1. U.S. Supreme Court
2. Court of Appeals
3. District Courts
4. Specialty Courts
The _____ _____ _____ is the highest U.S. court with _____ justices with lifetime
appointment - answerU.S. Supreme Court, 9
The _____ _____ _____ has 12 judicial circuits and courts and primarily hear appeals -
answerCourt of Appeals
The _____ _____ is a jurisdiction primarily based on whether there is a federal law or
constitutional issue, diversity citizenship, or if a state or U.S. is a party - answerDistrict
Courts
What are the 3 State Court Systems? - answer1. State Supreme Court
2. Intermediate Appellate Courts
3. Trial Courts
