Define coccus (pl. cocci)
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Berry-shaped bacterium
Define inoculate
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To implant microorganisms or infectious material into/onto a
culture medium
,What is quorum sensing, and how does it work?
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The mechanism by which cells in a biofilm coordinate their
activities in response to environmental stimuli. This can
occur between cells of different species within a biofilm
This enables microorganisms to detect their cell density
through the release and binding of small, diffusible
molecules called autoinducers. Once the cell population
has reached a critical threshold, these autoinducers initiate
a cascade of reactions that activate genes associated with
cellular functions that are beneficial only when the
population reaches a critical density.
Define strain
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Organisms within a species that are different from others. Has unique
properties.
Describe the function of cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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, A gel like substance composed of water and dissolved chemicals needed
for growth.
Describe the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells
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Maintains cell morphology. It envelopes the cell membrane, and protects
the cell from changes in osmotic pressure. In a hypertonic solution, cells
with a cell wall undergo the process of plasmolysis rather than crenation
(shriveling of the cell), where the plasma membrane contracts and
detaches from the cell wall, and there is a decrease in interior volume, but
the cell wall remains intact. In a hypotonic solution the cell wall prevents
swelling and lysis (cell bursting) from too much water in the cell. The cell
wall is composed of peptidoglycan.
Define Eukaryote
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An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a
membrane. Contains membrane bound organelles. Nucleus contains
multiple rod-shaped chromosomes. Plant and animal cells are all
eukaryotic. Belongs to the Eukarya domain.
What is acid fast staining?
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, Used to differentiate acid fast organisms such mycobacteria. Acid fast
bacteria have a high content of mycolic acids in their cell walls.
Define staphylococcus (pl. staphylococci)
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Cluster of cocci
Describe the function of plasmid in prokaryotic cells.
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Contains extrachromosomal DNA (DNA that is not part of the
chromosome). Small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules. Often
carry genes that have advantageous traits such as antibiotic resistance.
More commonly found in bacteria, but also have been found in archaea
and eukaryotic organisms.
What is the Southern Blot?
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Berry-shaped bacterium
Define inoculate
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To implant microorganisms or infectious material into/onto a
culture medium
,What is quorum sensing, and how does it work?
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The mechanism by which cells in a biofilm coordinate their
activities in response to environmental stimuli. This can
occur between cells of different species within a biofilm
This enables microorganisms to detect their cell density
through the release and binding of small, diffusible
molecules called autoinducers. Once the cell population
has reached a critical threshold, these autoinducers initiate
a cascade of reactions that activate genes associated with
cellular functions that are beneficial only when the
population reaches a critical density.
Define strain
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Organisms within a species that are different from others. Has unique
properties.
Describe the function of cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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, A gel like substance composed of water and dissolved chemicals needed
for growth.
Describe the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells
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Maintains cell morphology. It envelopes the cell membrane, and protects
the cell from changes in osmotic pressure. In a hypertonic solution, cells
with a cell wall undergo the process of plasmolysis rather than crenation
(shriveling of the cell), where the plasma membrane contracts and
detaches from the cell wall, and there is a decrease in interior volume, but
the cell wall remains intact. In a hypotonic solution the cell wall prevents
swelling and lysis (cell bursting) from too much water in the cell. The cell
wall is composed of peptidoglycan.
Define Eukaryote
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An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a
membrane. Contains membrane bound organelles. Nucleus contains
multiple rod-shaped chromosomes. Plant and animal cells are all
eukaryotic. Belongs to the Eukarya domain.
What is acid fast staining?
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, Used to differentiate acid fast organisms such mycobacteria. Acid fast
bacteria have a high content of mycolic acids in their cell walls.
Define staphylococcus (pl. staphylococci)
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Cluster of cocci
Describe the function of plasmid in prokaryotic cells.
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Contains extrachromosomal DNA (DNA that is not part of the
chromosome). Small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules. Often
carry genes that have advantageous traits such as antibiotic resistance.
More commonly found in bacteria, but also have been found in archaea
and eukaryotic organisms.
What is the Southern Blot?
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