HLSC 4P99 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
The term experimental design typically refers to:
a. human studies with continuous datasets
b. animal models with descriptive (mean +/- SEM) datasets
c. human and animal models with categorical datasets
d. could describe any of the above - ANS b. animal models with descriptive (mean +/- SEM)
datasets
A randomized clinical trial refers to:
a. exclusively human subjects
b. primarily categorical data
c. randomized participants
d. all of the above - ANS d. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT true of randomized control trials:
a. animal models and human models may be employed
b. blinding is always performed
c. predominantly continuous data
d. closer to experimental designs - ANS b. blinding is always performed
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,Faught (1997) devised a term to encompass all types of research designs commonly employed
by epidemiologists. This term is:
a. randomized experimental trials
b. randomized blind experimental trials
c. nonrandomized clinical trials
d. randomized blind experimental control clinical trials - ANS b. randomized blind
experimental trials
Which of the following is NOT a form of systematic error:
a. selection bias
b. confounding bias
c. measurement bias
d. co-intervention bias - ANS d. co-intervention bias
Who are the fathers of evidence-based medicine - ANS Guyatt & Sackett
Internal validity refers to - ANS validity within the patient sample at the location of testing
External validity refers to - ANS the generalizability of the findings to a wider population
which of the following terms has nothing to do with reliability
a. consistency
b. repeatability
c. precision
d. validity - ANS d. validity
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, The results of a study prove to be reliable. Can we assume that the results are also valid? -
ANS no. if reliable, not always valid
A study demonstrates highly valid results. Can we assume that the results are reliable? -
ANS yes. if valid, reliable
what does MeSH stand for - ANS Medical Subject Headings
One of the earliest true examples of census data was:
a. The Holy Bible
b. Ticketmaster
c. scrolls - ANS a. The Holy Bible
Using the Bills of Mortality, who correlated fall time to an increase in illness
a. John Snow
b. Brent Faught
c. John Graunt
d. Brent Snow - ANS c. John Graunt
Who is the father of epidemiology, known for the Broad St. Pump disaster - ANS John Snow
List these health outcomes in order of increasing severity:
death, discomfort, disease, dissatisfaction, disability - ANS dissatisfaction, disability,
discomfort, disease, death
You are designing a study. What is the best method to methodologically manage chance error:
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
The term experimental design typically refers to:
a. human studies with continuous datasets
b. animal models with descriptive (mean +/- SEM) datasets
c. human and animal models with categorical datasets
d. could describe any of the above - ANS b. animal models with descriptive (mean +/- SEM)
datasets
A randomized clinical trial refers to:
a. exclusively human subjects
b. primarily categorical data
c. randomized participants
d. all of the above - ANS d. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT true of randomized control trials:
a. animal models and human models may be employed
b. blinding is always performed
c. predominantly continuous data
d. closer to experimental designs - ANS b. blinding is always performed
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Faught (1997) devised a term to encompass all types of research designs commonly employed
by epidemiologists. This term is:
a. randomized experimental trials
b. randomized blind experimental trials
c. nonrandomized clinical trials
d. randomized blind experimental control clinical trials - ANS b. randomized blind
experimental trials
Which of the following is NOT a form of systematic error:
a. selection bias
b. confounding bias
c. measurement bias
d. co-intervention bias - ANS d. co-intervention bias
Who are the fathers of evidence-based medicine - ANS Guyatt & Sackett
Internal validity refers to - ANS validity within the patient sample at the location of testing
External validity refers to - ANS the generalizability of the findings to a wider population
which of the following terms has nothing to do with reliability
a. consistency
b. repeatability
c. precision
d. validity - ANS d. validity
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, The results of a study prove to be reliable. Can we assume that the results are also valid? -
ANS no. if reliable, not always valid
A study demonstrates highly valid results. Can we assume that the results are reliable? -
ANS yes. if valid, reliable
what does MeSH stand for - ANS Medical Subject Headings
One of the earliest true examples of census data was:
a. The Holy Bible
b. Ticketmaster
c. scrolls - ANS a. The Holy Bible
Using the Bills of Mortality, who correlated fall time to an increase in illness
a. John Snow
b. Brent Faught
c. John Graunt
d. Brent Snow - ANS c. John Graunt
Who is the father of epidemiology, known for the Broad St. Pump disaster - ANS John Snow
List these health outcomes in order of increasing severity:
death, discomfort, disease, dissatisfaction, disability - ANS dissatisfaction, disability,
discomfort, disease, death
You are designing a study. What is the best method to methodologically manage chance error:
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
