GL101 Exam Review 2025 Questions and
Answers Verified 100% Correct
The mantle is made of dense rock ________ called ________.
A) <3.0 g/cm3, basalt
B) <2.9 g/cm3, granite
C) ~3.3 g/cm3, peridotite
D) >3.4 g/cm3, shergottite - ANSWER -C
In correct order from the centre outward, Earth includes which units?
A) core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust
B) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
C) inner core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere
D) core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere - ANSWER -B
The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the Earth.
A) outer core
B) crust
C) inner core
D) mantle - ANSWER -D
The continental crust extends ________.
A) only to where their shorelines occur; beyond that is oceanic crust
B) beneath the continental shelf through to the toe of the continental slope
C) beneath about half of the ocean basins wherever it is shallow
D) deep into the mantle wherever there are subduction zones - ANSWER -B
________ are the three, basic categories of rocks in the rock cycle.
A) Crustal, lithospheric, and transform
B) Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic
C) Sedimentary, igneous, and volcanic
D) Weathered, sedimentary, and volcanic - ANSWER -B
, ________ is the process by which rocks breakdown in place to produce soils and
sediments.
A) Weathering
B) Lithification
C) Subduction
D) Metamorphism - ANSWER -A
Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock?
A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometric, internal arrangement of minerals; a
mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.
B) A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically
repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any
geometric pattern.
C) In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal
structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of minerals.
D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable
arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rock particles. -
ANSWER -C
Which is not a requirement? To be a mineral it must be or have ________.
A) naturally occurring
B) well formed external crystal shapes
C) orderly regular atomic or ionic structure
D) definite chemical composition - ANSWER -B
Minerals consist of an ordered array of atoms or ions that are ________.
A) all the same size and charge
B) always packed together in cubes or octahedra
C) chemically bonded in a regular crystalline structure
D) physically attached to each other by shared protons - ANSWER -C
Which of the following denotes the tiny, but very massive, central part of an
atom?
A) inner shell
B) core mass
,C) valence shell
D) nucleus - ANSWER -D
Which of the following denotes the massive, positively charged, nuclear particles?
A) protons
B) electrons
C) isotrons
D) neutrons - ANSWER -A
The continental shelf is located ________.
A) between the continental slope and continental rise
B) between the continental rise and the abyssal plains
C) seaward of the continental slope
D) landward of the continental slope - ANSWER -D
Atoms of the same element, carbon for example, always have the same ________.
A) number of electrons in the nucleus
B) number of protons in the nucleus
C) number of neutrons in its chemical bonds
D) atomic weight - ANSWER -B
Which element is the first and lightest element in the periodic chart?
A) sodium
B) hydrogen
C) oxygen
D) helium - ANSWER -B
What is the name given to an atom that gains or loses electrons in a chemical
reaction?
A) molecule
B) ion
C) proton
D) nucleon - ANSWER -B
In ________ bonding one atom gives up electrons to another that receives them.
, A) covalent
B) ionic
C) metallic
D) polymorphic - ANSWER -B
In which type of chemical bonding are electrons shared between adjacent atoms?
A) ionic
B) subatomic
C) covalent
D) isotopic - ANSWER -C
________ is the external expression of orderly internal arrangement of atoms in a
mineral crystal.
A) Lustre
B) Streak
C) Habit
D) Colour - ANSWER -C
Which of the following describes the light reflecting characteristics of a mineral?
A) lustre
B) streak
C) virtual absorption
D) fluorescence - ANSWER -A
Which minerals that make up the Mohs scale are softer than your fingernail?
A) beryl, garnet, tourmaline
B) calcite, fluorite, apatite
C) feldspar, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond
D) gypsum and talc - ANSWER -D
Which minerals that make up the Mohs scale are softer than a glass plate but
harder than your fingernail?
A) beryl, garnet, tourmaline
B) calcite, fluorite, apatite
C) feldspar, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond
Answers Verified 100% Correct
The mantle is made of dense rock ________ called ________.
A) <3.0 g/cm3, basalt
B) <2.9 g/cm3, granite
C) ~3.3 g/cm3, peridotite
D) >3.4 g/cm3, shergottite - ANSWER -C
In correct order from the centre outward, Earth includes which units?
A) core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust
B) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
C) inner core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere
D) core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere - ANSWER -B
The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the Earth.
A) outer core
B) crust
C) inner core
D) mantle - ANSWER -D
The continental crust extends ________.
A) only to where their shorelines occur; beyond that is oceanic crust
B) beneath the continental shelf through to the toe of the continental slope
C) beneath about half of the ocean basins wherever it is shallow
D) deep into the mantle wherever there are subduction zones - ANSWER -B
________ are the three, basic categories of rocks in the rock cycle.
A) Crustal, lithospheric, and transform
B) Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic
C) Sedimentary, igneous, and volcanic
D) Weathered, sedimentary, and volcanic - ANSWER -B
, ________ is the process by which rocks breakdown in place to produce soils and
sediments.
A) Weathering
B) Lithification
C) Subduction
D) Metamorphism - ANSWER -A
Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock?
A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometric, internal arrangement of minerals; a
mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.
B) A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically
repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any
geometric pattern.
C) In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal
structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of minerals.
D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable
arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rock particles. -
ANSWER -C
Which is not a requirement? To be a mineral it must be or have ________.
A) naturally occurring
B) well formed external crystal shapes
C) orderly regular atomic or ionic structure
D) definite chemical composition - ANSWER -B
Minerals consist of an ordered array of atoms or ions that are ________.
A) all the same size and charge
B) always packed together in cubes or octahedra
C) chemically bonded in a regular crystalline structure
D) physically attached to each other by shared protons - ANSWER -C
Which of the following denotes the tiny, but very massive, central part of an
atom?
A) inner shell
B) core mass
,C) valence shell
D) nucleus - ANSWER -D
Which of the following denotes the massive, positively charged, nuclear particles?
A) protons
B) electrons
C) isotrons
D) neutrons - ANSWER -A
The continental shelf is located ________.
A) between the continental slope and continental rise
B) between the continental rise and the abyssal plains
C) seaward of the continental slope
D) landward of the continental slope - ANSWER -D
Atoms of the same element, carbon for example, always have the same ________.
A) number of electrons in the nucleus
B) number of protons in the nucleus
C) number of neutrons in its chemical bonds
D) atomic weight - ANSWER -B
Which element is the first and lightest element in the periodic chart?
A) sodium
B) hydrogen
C) oxygen
D) helium - ANSWER -B
What is the name given to an atom that gains or loses electrons in a chemical
reaction?
A) molecule
B) ion
C) proton
D) nucleon - ANSWER -B
In ________ bonding one atom gives up electrons to another that receives them.
, A) covalent
B) ionic
C) metallic
D) polymorphic - ANSWER -B
In which type of chemical bonding are electrons shared between adjacent atoms?
A) ionic
B) subatomic
C) covalent
D) isotopic - ANSWER -C
________ is the external expression of orderly internal arrangement of atoms in a
mineral crystal.
A) Lustre
B) Streak
C) Habit
D) Colour - ANSWER -C
Which of the following describes the light reflecting characteristics of a mineral?
A) lustre
B) streak
C) virtual absorption
D) fluorescence - ANSWER -A
Which minerals that make up the Mohs scale are softer than your fingernail?
A) beryl, garnet, tourmaline
B) calcite, fluorite, apatite
C) feldspar, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond
D) gypsum and talc - ANSWER -D
Which minerals that make up the Mohs scale are softer than a glass plate but
harder than your fingernail?
A) beryl, garnet, tourmaline
B) calcite, fluorite, apatite
C) feldspar, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond
