CSA2 – Lower Extremity OMM & Clinical Exam | 110 Questions with Answers | Muscle Energy, HVLA, Neuro Exam | 2025/2026

This document is a high-yield and exam-focused guide for CSA2 (Clinical Skills Assessment 2) at Medical University, specifically developed for the 2025/2026 academic year. It includes 110 questions and answers that comprehensively cover practical knowledge and clinical techniques required in lower extremity osteopathic diagnosis and treatment. The content is structured to support OSCE preparation, hands-on exams, and clinical rotations for students across multiple health programs. Key features of the document: Muscle Energy Techniques (ME): Covers imbalances and restricted motion of the hip, knee, tibia, fibular head, and ankle. Step-by-step instructions are provided for common dysfunctions such as psoas tightness, fibular head restrictions, and tibial rotations. Counterstrain Techniques: Includes detailed tender point locations and corresponding passive positioning for the gluteus medius, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, meniscus, and key ankle/foot structures like the navicular and calcaneus. HVLA (High-Velocity Low-Amplitude) Techniques: Outlines thrust techniques for dysfunctions such as anterior/posterior fibular head, tibia-on-femur lesions, navicular displacement, talotibial dysfunction, and collapsed medial arches. Articulatory Techniques: Techniques for the cuboid, knee, and fibular head, including rhythmic oscillation and joint mobilization. Neurological Examination (L1–S1): Dermatomes, myotomes, and reflex testing are mapped and explained for accurate lower extremity neuro evaluation. General Lower Extremity Exams: Comprehensive physical exam checklists for the hip, knee, and ankle, including bony and muscular landmarks, vascular and lymphatic checks, ROM (active/passive), and strength testing. This resource is ideal for students in the following programs: DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine) MD (Doctor of Medicine) with musculoskeletal or neurology-focused clinical training Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine programs Chiropractic and Manual Therapy courses PA and Advanced Nursing programs requiring detailed clinical assessment skills Whether you're preparing for performance-based practicals, clinical OSCEs, or improving your treatment planning with OMM, this document delivers clear, actionable content aligned with current curriculum standards. Keywords: CSA2, lower extremity, OMM, muscle energy, HVLA, counterstrain, hip exam, knee exam, ankle exam, fibular head, tibial rotation, navicular dysfunction, plantar fasciitis, neuro exam, dermatomes, myotomes, reflexes, ROM assessment, palpation, somatic dysfunction, OSCE prep, orthopedic exam