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Final Exam LS 428 Fundamentals of Litigation for Paralegals

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This document covers chapters 12 and 13 of the book. It talks about pretrial conferences and what is involved, direct and cross-examination, the theory and theme of a case, the four ways a plaintiff can recover damages, how you can find a debtor's assets, and what happens if the plaintiff wins at trial.

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Final Exam
A pretrial conference is a
meeting held before trial between the attorneys and the judge. The purpose is to identify the issues in dispute and


the evidence that will be presented .




A pretrial order is a
guide for the trial ; it identifies the issue , witness , exhibits , and an order of proof
The pretrial memo
generally contain the following sections : uncontested facts contested ,
issues of fact and law exhibit list witness list and jury instructions
, , ,




Direct examination : You present witnesses' story . You only ask open-ended questions (who what when , where , how) No leading questions
can
why
-




your , , ,




Cross examinations : You test the witnesses credibility and weaken the other side's case . You can only ask yes or no questions .

Opening arguments is an opportunity for the lawyers to tell the jury their clients' version of the facts and what they expect the evidence to prove

Closing arguments is where the lawyers summarize the evidence that has been presented and explain why the
judge or
jury should rule a certain
way
A theory of the case is a lawyers position on
,
and approach to ,
all the undisputed and disputed evidence that will be presentenced at trial . It must remain


consistent during each phase of the trial .




A theme is a
phrase that should fit w/ your case " The glove phrase
: in OJ Simpsons trial .
"You must aquit"
Peremptory challenges allow the lawyers to strike a
juror from the panel who any stated reason . Usually 4 or 3


Challenges for Cause is when a
juror is removed from the
jury panel because
of a
particular reason .
Ex : "I hate
cops "Has
interest in the litigation
There are 4 ways a plaintiff can recover damages -
demand letter abstract of , judgment ,
writ of execution wage , garnishment
Demand letters : demands payment on the judgment
Abstract of judgment : places a lein on all real property owed by althe debtor

Writ of execution : order from the court allowing the sheriff other law enforcement to seize assets to satisfy the judgment
an or
agency
↑ Till tap : Law enforcement collects the cash and checks on hand at a business in order to satisfy judgment. Only a few hours

keeper : Law enforcement
O


on property for longer . If
they cant collect enough , seize and auction property , excess
~, 24-48 hours
money
from auction goes back to debtor
long

Bank levy : Seize from debtors bank account
money
Judgment debtor : the party that owes money

Wage garnishment : Direction to employer to withhold certain amount from each
paycheck for certain time period

Finding Assets

Companies will do this for a fee

Public records through Westlaw or Lexis

~
Depositions /Interrogatories

Make to detail the records they will need to bring deposition
-




sure to the

Sometimes you have to make decision based info you have
-


a on




After a plaintiff wins at trial

High low agreement : It

guarantees plaintiff recovery (the
the a minimum low) even if the verdict is lower or in favor of the defendant It . caps the


defendant's exposure to a maximum amount (the high) even if the jury awards more . Reduces risks for both sides

Motion for entry of judgment : post-trial asking the court to enter the final judgment Submit under 7 day order
motion .




~
Motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict : May allege no reasonable jury could have reached jurys verdict. May allege the verdict was
clearly
inadequate or excessive . Filed within 11 days after entry of judgment
Opposing Counsel : Demand letter for

Letter to payment on the judgment
Y
Issues of Appeal : If defendant plans to appeal May take
.
18 months

Grounds for appealing the case : Every party can
appeal
->
losing party can appeal to court of appeals -> If party loses party must petition
,
to the


Supreme Court Only heard if petition
. is granted

Connected book
 image
Marlene Pontrelli Maerowitz, Thomas A. Mauet Fundamentals of Litigation for Paralegals
Publisher: 2019 ISBN: 9781543801675 Edition: Unknown

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Uploaded on
December 15, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2025/2026
Type
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Professor(s)
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