BIOLOGY 111 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What are the 7 characteristics of life? - Answer -1. Cells & organization
2. Energy use & metabolism
3. Irritability
4. Homeostasis
5. Growth & development
6. Reproduction
7. Biological evolution
What are the 2 Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change? - Answer -1. Vertical descent
with modification
2. Horizontal gene transfer
Taxonomy - Answer -Grouping of species based on common ancestry
3 Domains - Answer -1. Bacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Eukarya
Bacteria - Answer -Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls.
Archaea - Answer -Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls.
Eukarya - Answer -Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists,
plants, fungi, and animals
What are the 4 Eukarya Kingdoms? - Answer -1. Protists
2. Fungi
3. Plantae
4. Animalia
Energy - Answer -Capacity to cause change
Prokarya - Answer -Domain of all anucleated organisms with cell walls, including
archaea and bacteria.
Development - Answer -Change in characteristics of cells and / or certain
genes/signaling
Gene - Answer -A segment of DNA that is involved in producing a protein.
We have 25,000 functional genes and over 3 billion nucleotides.
,Transcription - Answer -The process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied
into mRNA.
Translation - Answer -The process whereby genetic information coded in messenger
RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Genome - Answer -The complete genetic makeup of an organism, carries information
to make its proteome
Proteome - Answer -The complete complement of proteins that a cell or organism can
make
Cell - Answer -The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
Energy Use - Answer -To maintain their internal order, ________ is needed by
organisms.
Irritability - Answer -An organism's ability to respond to environmental stimuli. E.g.,
kingdom animalia has high ___________.
Cell Theory - Answer -All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be
unicellular or multicellular. The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells arise from pre-existing
cells.
Matter - Answer -Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Atom - Answer -The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of the
element that cannot be broken down naturally
What are the 4 Properties of Life? - Answer -Organization of Life
Continuity of Life
Unity
Diversity
Organization of Life - Answer -Growth & development is possible through the
organization of life
Continuity of Life - Answer -Heredity is possible through the continuity of life (DNA)
Diversity - Answer -Many types of environments with diverse organisms=speciation
Unity - Answer -Common traits rooted in biological evolution.
Homologous Organs - Answer -Organs or body parts that are similar in structure and
origin but have different uses in different animals
, Analogous Organs - Answer -Same function different structure
Vertical Descent with Modification - Answer -Progression of changes in a lineage; new
species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations that are
selected for by natural selection.
Horizontal Gene Transfer - Answer -The transfer of genes between cells of the same
generation. E.g., penicillin resistant bacteria confers it's immunity to other bacteria.
What is the Human Taxon? - Answer -eukarya, animalia, chordata-vertebrata,
mammalia, primates, haminidae, homo, sapiens
Science - Answer -The observation, identification, experimental investigation, and
theoretical explanation of natural phenomena.
Theory - Answer -Broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is
substantiated by a large body of evidence. Allows us to make many predictions. Also
can never be proved true
Deductive Reasoning - Answer -General principles are used to predict specific results.
E.g., the pecies of an organism can be deduced from its characteristics
Inductive Reasoning - Answer -Specific observations are used to construct general
scientific principles.
What are the 5 Steps of the Scientific Method? - Answer -A series of steps followed to
solve problems
1. Collect data
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Analyze data
5. State conclusions
Cystic Fibrosis - Answer -Affects about 1 in every 3,500 Americans.
Characterized by thick mucus in the lungs.
Homozygous (need 2 bad copies).
Missing amino acid (1 in 1700) prevents ATP from properly binding to protein to pump
Cl- ions out of the cell.
Dorothy Anderson found it to be a genetic disorder; Tsui, Collins, & Riordan identified
CF gene.
Biosphere - Answer -All the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things; sum
of all Earth's ecosystems.
Ecosystem - Answer -A biological community of organisms and their abiotic
environment (temperature, sunlight, pH, etc.).
What are the 7 characteristics of life? - Answer -1. Cells & organization
2. Energy use & metabolism
3. Irritability
4. Homeostasis
5. Growth & development
6. Reproduction
7. Biological evolution
What are the 2 Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change? - Answer -1. Vertical descent
with modification
2. Horizontal gene transfer
Taxonomy - Answer -Grouping of species based on common ancestry
3 Domains - Answer -1. Bacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Eukarya
Bacteria - Answer -Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls.
Archaea - Answer -Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls.
Eukarya - Answer -Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists,
plants, fungi, and animals
What are the 4 Eukarya Kingdoms? - Answer -1. Protists
2. Fungi
3. Plantae
4. Animalia
Energy - Answer -Capacity to cause change
Prokarya - Answer -Domain of all anucleated organisms with cell walls, including
archaea and bacteria.
Development - Answer -Change in characteristics of cells and / or certain
genes/signaling
Gene - Answer -A segment of DNA that is involved in producing a protein.
We have 25,000 functional genes and over 3 billion nucleotides.
,Transcription - Answer -The process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied
into mRNA.
Translation - Answer -The process whereby genetic information coded in messenger
RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Genome - Answer -The complete genetic makeup of an organism, carries information
to make its proteome
Proteome - Answer -The complete complement of proteins that a cell or organism can
make
Cell - Answer -The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
Energy Use - Answer -To maintain their internal order, ________ is needed by
organisms.
Irritability - Answer -An organism's ability to respond to environmental stimuli. E.g.,
kingdom animalia has high ___________.
Cell Theory - Answer -All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be
unicellular or multicellular. The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells arise from pre-existing
cells.
Matter - Answer -Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Atom - Answer -The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of the
element that cannot be broken down naturally
What are the 4 Properties of Life? - Answer -Organization of Life
Continuity of Life
Unity
Diversity
Organization of Life - Answer -Growth & development is possible through the
organization of life
Continuity of Life - Answer -Heredity is possible through the continuity of life (DNA)
Diversity - Answer -Many types of environments with diverse organisms=speciation
Unity - Answer -Common traits rooted in biological evolution.
Homologous Organs - Answer -Organs or body parts that are similar in structure and
origin but have different uses in different animals
, Analogous Organs - Answer -Same function different structure
Vertical Descent with Modification - Answer -Progression of changes in a lineage; new
species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations that are
selected for by natural selection.
Horizontal Gene Transfer - Answer -The transfer of genes between cells of the same
generation. E.g., penicillin resistant bacteria confers it's immunity to other bacteria.
What is the Human Taxon? - Answer -eukarya, animalia, chordata-vertebrata,
mammalia, primates, haminidae, homo, sapiens
Science - Answer -The observation, identification, experimental investigation, and
theoretical explanation of natural phenomena.
Theory - Answer -Broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is
substantiated by a large body of evidence. Allows us to make many predictions. Also
can never be proved true
Deductive Reasoning - Answer -General principles are used to predict specific results.
E.g., the pecies of an organism can be deduced from its characteristics
Inductive Reasoning - Answer -Specific observations are used to construct general
scientific principles.
What are the 5 Steps of the Scientific Method? - Answer -A series of steps followed to
solve problems
1. Collect data
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Analyze data
5. State conclusions
Cystic Fibrosis - Answer -Affects about 1 in every 3,500 Americans.
Characterized by thick mucus in the lungs.
Homozygous (need 2 bad copies).
Missing amino acid (1 in 1700) prevents ATP from properly binding to protein to pump
Cl- ions out of the cell.
Dorothy Anderson found it to be a genetic disorder; Tsui, Collins, & Riordan identified
CF gene.
Biosphere - Answer -All the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things; sum
of all Earth's ecosystems.
Ecosystem - Answer -A biological community of organisms and their abiotic
environment (temperature, sunlight, pH, etc.).
