APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Test
Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct
Parathyroid hormones - ANSWER -PTH - increases blood calcium ion
concentration and decreases blood phosphate ion concentration through actions in
the bones, kidneys, and intestines
adrenal medulla hormones - ANSWER -epinephrine and norepinephrine - increase
heart rate, BP, breathing, decrease digestion
adrenal cortex hormones - ANSWER -Aldosterone - helps regulate concentration
of sodium and potassium ions
Cortisol - affects glucose metabolism and influences proteins and fat metabolism
Pancreas hormones - ANSWER -Glucagon - stimulates liver to break down
glycogen into glucose
Insulin - stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose
Somatostatin - helps regulate glucose metabolism by inhibiting secretion of
glucagon and insulin
pineal gland hormone - ANSWER -Melatonin - made from serotonin and regulates
circadian rhythms
Thymus Gland Hormones - ANSWER -Thymosins - affect production and
differentiation of T lymphocytes
How are glucagon and insulin alike? - ANSWER -Both work to keep blood
glucose concentration constant
How are glucagon and insulin different? - ANSWER -Glucagon stimulates the
liver to break down glycogen into glucose and insulin promotes the formation of
glycogen from glucose
, How is diabetes insipitus different from diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER -Diabetes
insipitus - a person is insatiably thirsty and has large amounts of urine output
Diabetes mellitus - two types (type 1 and type 2). Type 1 occurs when body makes
no insulin. Type 2 occurs when the body reaches insulin resistance
How are pheromones different than hormones? - ANSWER -Pheromones are a
type of hormone that are released in small quantities and play a big role in physical
attraction between people.
How does aging affect the endocrine system? - ANSWER -As people get older,
their endocrine glands decrease in size, muscular strength decreases as GH levels
decrease, ADH levels increase due to slower breakdown in liver & kidneys.
Calcitonin levels decrease, and insulin resistance may develop.
Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH. - ANSWER -Blood is about
8% of body weight. Adult blood volume is about 5 L.
RBC count is usually 4,600,000-6,200,000 in males, 4,200,000-5,400,000 in
females.
WBC are usually 5,000-10,000 per cubic mm of blood.
Platelets are usually 130,000-360,000 per cubic mm of blood.
Normal blood pH is around 7.4.
Describe the different formed elements and their origins - ANSWER -RBCs
originate in red bone marrow from hemocytoblasts (stem cells) which then
differentiate in a process called hematopoiesis.
WBCs are called leukocytes and are split into granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Platelets are cell fragments of megakaryocytes; they lack a nucleus and are half the
size of a RBC.
Compare the formed elements of the blood. - ANSWER -RBCs, WBCs, and
platelets all act together to maintain life. RBCs transport oxygen to the body's
tissues, WBCs fight infections in the body, and platelets clot wounds that occur.
, What are normal levels and percentages of RBC - ANSWER -4,600,000-
6,200,000 in males.
4,200,000-5,400,000 in females.
4,500,000-5,100,000 in children.
RBCs are 45% of the blood.
How is the shape of a red blood cell important to its function? - ANSWER -It
allows them to squeeze through vessel walls and transport oxygen to tissues
Why might blood volume differ from one person to the next? - ANSWER -It
might differ depending on a person's health and age, and women tend to have
lower blood volume due to their menstrual cycle.
What is hematocrit? - ANSWER -the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the
total volume of blood
Neutrophils - ANSWER -Most abundant WBC; 54-62%. Phagocytic and tend to
self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.
Eosinophils - ANSWER -Deep red granules in acid stain, bi-lobed nucleus, 1-3%
of WBC
Basophils - ANSWER -release histamine and heparin, <1% of WBC
Monocytes - ANSWER -Largest of all blood cells, kidney or oval shaped nuclei,
become macrophages, 3-9% of WBC
Lymphocytes - ANSWER -Slightly larger than RBC, 25-33% WBC
Compare serum versus plasma - ANSWER -Plasma is the liquid part of blood, in
which blood cells, nutrients and hormones float.
Serum is the fluid part of blood, without the clotting factors or blood cells.
Describe the steps in clot formation - ANSWER -Hemostasis - the stoppage of
bleeding.
Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct
Parathyroid hormones - ANSWER -PTH - increases blood calcium ion
concentration and decreases blood phosphate ion concentration through actions in
the bones, kidneys, and intestines
adrenal medulla hormones - ANSWER -epinephrine and norepinephrine - increase
heart rate, BP, breathing, decrease digestion
adrenal cortex hormones - ANSWER -Aldosterone - helps regulate concentration
of sodium and potassium ions
Cortisol - affects glucose metabolism and influences proteins and fat metabolism
Pancreas hormones - ANSWER -Glucagon - stimulates liver to break down
glycogen into glucose
Insulin - stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose
Somatostatin - helps regulate glucose metabolism by inhibiting secretion of
glucagon and insulin
pineal gland hormone - ANSWER -Melatonin - made from serotonin and regulates
circadian rhythms
Thymus Gland Hormones - ANSWER -Thymosins - affect production and
differentiation of T lymphocytes
How are glucagon and insulin alike? - ANSWER -Both work to keep blood
glucose concentration constant
How are glucagon and insulin different? - ANSWER -Glucagon stimulates the
liver to break down glycogen into glucose and insulin promotes the formation of
glycogen from glucose
, How is diabetes insipitus different from diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER -Diabetes
insipitus - a person is insatiably thirsty and has large amounts of urine output
Diabetes mellitus - two types (type 1 and type 2). Type 1 occurs when body makes
no insulin. Type 2 occurs when the body reaches insulin resistance
How are pheromones different than hormones? - ANSWER -Pheromones are a
type of hormone that are released in small quantities and play a big role in physical
attraction between people.
How does aging affect the endocrine system? - ANSWER -As people get older,
their endocrine glands decrease in size, muscular strength decreases as GH levels
decrease, ADH levels increase due to slower breakdown in liver & kidneys.
Calcitonin levels decrease, and insulin resistance may develop.
Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH. - ANSWER -Blood is about
8% of body weight. Adult blood volume is about 5 L.
RBC count is usually 4,600,000-6,200,000 in males, 4,200,000-5,400,000 in
females.
WBC are usually 5,000-10,000 per cubic mm of blood.
Platelets are usually 130,000-360,000 per cubic mm of blood.
Normal blood pH is around 7.4.
Describe the different formed elements and their origins - ANSWER -RBCs
originate in red bone marrow from hemocytoblasts (stem cells) which then
differentiate in a process called hematopoiesis.
WBCs are called leukocytes and are split into granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Platelets are cell fragments of megakaryocytes; they lack a nucleus and are half the
size of a RBC.
Compare the formed elements of the blood. - ANSWER -RBCs, WBCs, and
platelets all act together to maintain life. RBCs transport oxygen to the body's
tissues, WBCs fight infections in the body, and platelets clot wounds that occur.
, What are normal levels and percentages of RBC - ANSWER -4,600,000-
6,200,000 in males.
4,200,000-5,400,000 in females.
4,500,000-5,100,000 in children.
RBCs are 45% of the blood.
How is the shape of a red blood cell important to its function? - ANSWER -It
allows them to squeeze through vessel walls and transport oxygen to tissues
Why might blood volume differ from one person to the next? - ANSWER -It
might differ depending on a person's health and age, and women tend to have
lower blood volume due to their menstrual cycle.
What is hematocrit? - ANSWER -the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the
total volume of blood
Neutrophils - ANSWER -Most abundant WBC; 54-62%. Phagocytic and tend to
self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.
Eosinophils - ANSWER -Deep red granules in acid stain, bi-lobed nucleus, 1-3%
of WBC
Basophils - ANSWER -release histamine and heparin, <1% of WBC
Monocytes - ANSWER -Largest of all blood cells, kidney or oval shaped nuclei,
become macrophages, 3-9% of WBC
Lymphocytes - ANSWER -Slightly larger than RBC, 25-33% WBC
Compare serum versus plasma - ANSWER -Plasma is the liquid part of blood, in
which blood cells, nutrients and hormones float.
Serum is the fluid part of blood, without the clotting factors or blood cells.
Describe the steps in clot formation - ANSWER -Hemostasis - the stoppage of
bleeding.
