DATA GOVERNANCE EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Difference Between Data and Information - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚:
• Raw facts with no context.
▪ E.g., Name: John Smith
Age: 20
DOB: 3/13/2000
Major: Finance
Salary: $20,000
𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
• Processed data arranged in a meaningful way to facilitate decision making.
▪ E.g. "At age 20, John was earning $1,000 a month while studying finance."
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐏𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬:
• Data constitutes the building blocks of information.
• Information is produced by processing data
• Information is used to reveal the meaning
• Accurate and timely information is essential to good decision-making.
What is a Database? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞:
• A database is a shared, integrated software structure that houses a collection of:
▪ Data (raw facts of interest)
▪ Metadata (Data about data or information about data's structure and meaning).
𝐃𝐁𝐌𝐒:
• Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs that manage the database and
control its access, making it possible to share the data with applications and users.
,Typical DBMS Capabilities - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅• Data dictionary
• Query and reporting
• Data presentation for different users
• Backup and recovery
• Data integrity management
Relational DBMS - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅• Represent data as two-dimensional tables.
• Each table contains data on entities and attributes.
• Table: Grid of Columns and Rows
▪ Rows aka records
▪ Fields (aka columns) - represent attributes and store values.
▪ A primary key uniquely identifies each record.
▪ A foreign key is a primary key from one table used as a lookup value to identify records in another
table.
Problems with Traditional File Structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅• Files maintained separately by
different departments.
• Data redundancy - unnecessarily duplicated data.
• Inconsistent data
▪ E.g., John Smith's age vs his DOB
,• Lack of flexibility and data sharing.
• Poor security.
Data Modeling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠:
• The basic building blocks of all data models are entities, attributes, and relationships.
• Entity - person, place, thing, or event for which data.
• Attribute - characteristic of an entity.
• Relationships - describe the association among entities:
▪ 𝐎𝐧𝐞-𝐭𝐨-𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 (𝟏:𝐌):
- A painter paints many different paintings, but each one is painted by only one painter.
▪ 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐲-𝐭𝐨-𝐚𝐧𝐲 (𝐌:𝐌):
- Employee learns many job skills, each job skill might be learned by many employees.
▪ 𝐎𝐧𝐞-𝐭𝐨-𝐨𝐧𝐞 (𝟏:𝟏):
- A Verizon manager oversees one store.
Logical vs Physical Model - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅
Big Data - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅• Massive sets of structured and unstructured data from web traffic,
social media, sensors, etc.
• Volumes of data are too great for a typical DBMS
, • Can reveal more patterns and relationships.
• At its core, big data is about predictions.
• "Datafy" an event - capture an event in a quantified format so it can be tabulated/analyzed.
Data Warehouse - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞:
• A home for high value data or data assets that originates in other corporate applications.
• 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠:
▪ A coordinated and periodic copying of data from various sources both inside and outside the company,
into an environment optimized for analytical and informational processing.
• Stores current and historical data
• Provides analysis and reporting tools
• Relies exclusively on data obtained from other applications.
Data Management - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭:
• Development, execution, and supervision of plans, policies, programs, and practices that deliver,
control, protect, and enhance the value of data and information assets throughout their lifecycles.
• Companies now recognize their data as a strategic asset where they can learn insights about
customers, products, internal processes, etc.
• 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝:
▪ Profiling data, aligning data to regulations, extracting data, defining data.
ANSWERS
Difference Between Data and Information - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚:
• Raw facts with no context.
▪ E.g., Name: John Smith
Age: 20
DOB: 3/13/2000
Major: Finance
Salary: $20,000
𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
• Processed data arranged in a meaningful way to facilitate decision making.
▪ E.g. "At age 20, John was earning $1,000 a month while studying finance."
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐏𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬:
• Data constitutes the building blocks of information.
• Information is produced by processing data
• Information is used to reveal the meaning
• Accurate and timely information is essential to good decision-making.
What is a Database? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞:
• A database is a shared, integrated software structure that houses a collection of:
▪ Data (raw facts of interest)
▪ Metadata (Data about data or information about data's structure and meaning).
𝐃𝐁𝐌𝐒:
• Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs that manage the database and
control its access, making it possible to share the data with applications and users.
,Typical DBMS Capabilities - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅• Data dictionary
• Query and reporting
• Data presentation for different users
• Backup and recovery
• Data integrity management
Relational DBMS - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅• Represent data as two-dimensional tables.
• Each table contains data on entities and attributes.
• Table: Grid of Columns and Rows
▪ Rows aka records
▪ Fields (aka columns) - represent attributes and store values.
▪ A primary key uniquely identifies each record.
▪ A foreign key is a primary key from one table used as a lookup value to identify records in another
table.
Problems with Traditional File Structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅• Files maintained separately by
different departments.
• Data redundancy - unnecessarily duplicated data.
• Inconsistent data
▪ E.g., John Smith's age vs his DOB
,• Lack of flexibility and data sharing.
• Poor security.
Data Modeling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠:
• The basic building blocks of all data models are entities, attributes, and relationships.
• Entity - person, place, thing, or event for which data.
• Attribute - characteristic of an entity.
• Relationships - describe the association among entities:
▪ 𝐎𝐧𝐞-𝐭𝐨-𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 (𝟏:𝐌):
- A painter paints many different paintings, but each one is painted by only one painter.
▪ 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐲-𝐭𝐨-𝐚𝐧𝐲 (𝐌:𝐌):
- Employee learns many job skills, each job skill might be learned by many employees.
▪ 𝐎𝐧𝐞-𝐭𝐨-𝐨𝐧𝐞 (𝟏:𝟏):
- A Verizon manager oversees one store.
Logical vs Physical Model - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅
Big Data - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅• Massive sets of structured and unstructured data from web traffic,
social media, sensors, etc.
• Volumes of data are too great for a typical DBMS
, • Can reveal more patterns and relationships.
• At its core, big data is about predictions.
• "Datafy" an event - capture an event in a quantified format so it can be tabulated/analyzed.
Data Warehouse - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞:
• A home for high value data or data assets that originates in other corporate applications.
• 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠:
▪ A coordinated and periodic copying of data from various sources both inside and outside the company,
into an environment optimized for analytical and informational processing.
• Stores current and historical data
• Provides analysis and reporting tools
• Relies exclusively on data obtained from other applications.
Data Management - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭:
• Development, execution, and supervision of plans, policies, programs, and practices that deliver,
control, protect, and enhance the value of data and information assets throughout their lifecycles.
• Companies now recognize their data as a strategic asset where they can learn insights about
customers, products, internal processes, etc.
• 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝:
▪ Profiling data, aligning data to regulations, extracting data, defining data.
