2025/2026 Exam Questions and Answers
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Fear VS anxiety: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-fear=immediate alarm response to direct
threat
-anxiety=alarm response to nondirect threat (sense of potential danger)
-both activates SNS (+breathing, +HR, +muscle tension)
Anxiety disorders facts: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-most common mental disorder in
US
-18% of adults
-normally more than 1 dx (anxiety+depression+agrophobia)
,-ranking (anxiety>dep>polar>phobias>OCD>acute stress>PTSD)
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) define: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-excessive
worry about wide range of events, fear being judged/out of control, unable
to escape
-commonly dx with panic disorder and agoraphobia
-CAN be modeled after parents
-sx=MUST last +6months (restlessness,fatigue, lack concentration, muscle
tension, sleep prob)
*common in west, adolescence, poor communities, minorities
Anxiety sociocultural view: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. cause=social
standards,pressures,dangers
2. figures=@@@
3. sx=avoiding public interaction
4. tx=desensitization, gradual exposure
ex. Hurricane Katrina/Haiti/3 mile island>increase anxiety
, *low SES at risk= higher crime rates/lack healthcare/lack jobs
anxiety psychodynamic view: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. cause=unfufilled
satisfication of sexual stage leading to anxiety, weak defense mechanims
leads to persistency
2. figures=Freud (realistic-direct, neurotic-repressed Id, moral-punishment
anxiety)
3. sx=hides impulses, worry over consequences
4. tx=psychodamic therpy (free association,interpretation of transference-
resistence-dreams, resolve childhood probs)
anxiety cognitive-behavioral: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. source=maladaptive
assumptions, inaccurate beliefs on value of worrying
2. figures=Albert Ellis(basic assumption; need acceptance from all, see
deviation from acceptant as doom/catastrophic)
3. sx=distract from uncomfortable event by worrying
4. tx=Ellis rational emotive therapy (correct irrational assumption, assign
homework)
-educate role of worrying (SNS signs, identify excessive worry)
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