LRA 211 WEEK 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT RATED A+
e energy of the characteristic x-ray photon depends on:
Answer: ✔✔
1. The shell of the electron that is dropping into the vacancy
2. The energy level of the filament electron
3. The binding energy of the inner-shell electron
Solution:
The energy of the characteristic x-ray photon is determined by the
following factors:
o Shell of the electron dropping into the vacancy: The difference in
energy between the shell from which the electron originates and the
shell where the vacancy was created (e.g., K-shell to L-shell).
o Energy level of the filament electron: The filament electron's energy
determines the degree of excitation, which influences the number of
electron transitions.
o Binding energy of the inner-shell electron: The binding energy of
the electron in the inner shell (like K-shell) determines the energy
required to eject the electron and the resulting photon energy.
2. X-rays are produced by:
Answer: ✔✔ Characteristic and bremsstrahlung interactions
Solution:
X-rays are produced through two main interactions:
o Characteristic x-rays are produced when a filament electron knocks
an inner-shell electron out of an atom, causing an electron from a
higher energy level to fall into the vacancy, releasing energy in the
form of an x-ray.
, o Bremsstrahlung x-rays (braking radiation) are produced when a
filament electron is decelerated by the nucleus of the target atom,
causing it to lose energy, which is emitted as x-ray radiation.
3. When filament electrons enter the anode target, they interact with:
Answer: ✔✔ Outer shell electrons of tungsten atoms
Solution:
When filament electrons from the cathode reach the anode target
(typically made of tungsten), they primarily interact with the outer shell
electrons of the tungsten atoms. These interactions can lead to both
bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-ray production.
4. When a filament electron knocks out a K-shell electron from the tungsten
atom, it leads to:
Answer: ✔✔ A characteristic x-ray photon
Solution:
When a filament electron collides with and ejects a K-shell electron from a
tungsten atom, a vacancy is created in the K-shell. An electron from a
higher energy shell (like the L-shell or M-shell) will fall into this vacancy,
and the energy difference between the two shells is released as a
characteristic x-ray photon.
5. A filament electron removes a K-shell electron, and an M-shell electron fills
the vacancy. The K-shell binding energy is 69.5 keV, and the M-shell binding
energy is 2.8 keV. What is the energy of the K-characteristic photon
produced?
Answer: ✔✔ 66.7 keV
Solution:
The energy of the K-characteristic photon produced is the difference
between the binding energies of the K-shell and M-shell electrons.
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT RATED A+
e energy of the characteristic x-ray photon depends on:
Answer: ✔✔
1. The shell of the electron that is dropping into the vacancy
2. The energy level of the filament electron
3. The binding energy of the inner-shell electron
Solution:
The energy of the characteristic x-ray photon is determined by the
following factors:
o Shell of the electron dropping into the vacancy: The difference in
energy between the shell from which the electron originates and the
shell where the vacancy was created (e.g., K-shell to L-shell).
o Energy level of the filament electron: The filament electron's energy
determines the degree of excitation, which influences the number of
electron transitions.
o Binding energy of the inner-shell electron: The binding energy of
the electron in the inner shell (like K-shell) determines the energy
required to eject the electron and the resulting photon energy.
2. X-rays are produced by:
Answer: ✔✔ Characteristic and bremsstrahlung interactions
Solution:
X-rays are produced through two main interactions:
o Characteristic x-rays are produced when a filament electron knocks
an inner-shell electron out of an atom, causing an electron from a
higher energy level to fall into the vacancy, releasing energy in the
form of an x-ray.
, o Bremsstrahlung x-rays (braking radiation) are produced when a
filament electron is decelerated by the nucleus of the target atom,
causing it to lose energy, which is emitted as x-ray radiation.
3. When filament electrons enter the anode target, they interact with:
Answer: ✔✔ Outer shell electrons of tungsten atoms
Solution:
When filament electrons from the cathode reach the anode target
(typically made of tungsten), they primarily interact with the outer shell
electrons of the tungsten atoms. These interactions can lead to both
bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-ray production.
4. When a filament electron knocks out a K-shell electron from the tungsten
atom, it leads to:
Answer: ✔✔ A characteristic x-ray photon
Solution:
When a filament electron collides with and ejects a K-shell electron from a
tungsten atom, a vacancy is created in the K-shell. An electron from a
higher energy shell (like the L-shell or M-shell) will fall into this vacancy,
and the energy difference between the two shells is released as a
characteristic x-ray photon.
5. A filament electron removes a K-shell electron, and an M-shell electron fills
the vacancy. The K-shell binding energy is 69.5 keV, and the M-shell binding
energy is 2.8 keV. What is the energy of the K-characteristic photon
produced?
Answer: ✔✔ 66.7 keV
Solution:
The energy of the K-characteristic photon produced is the difference
between the binding energies of the K-shell and M-shell electrons.
