NSG 233 MED SURG 2 EXAM 4 EXAM SCRIPT
2026 FULL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
causes (3). Answer: lethal dysrhythmias -- make sure you look at the
pt rather than the monitor, bc may have a rhythm but no pulse
-vfib
-pulseless vtach
-PEA
◉ SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
causes of PEA. Answer: shock/hypovolemic shock
-bc you don't have anything to pump
-electrical system may be fine, but you'll have muscle failure around
the heart and nothing to pump
◉ SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
who's at risk (4). Answer: -prior MI
-left ventricular dysfunction (EF < 30%)
-structural heart disease (hypertrophic, cardiomyopathy) -
especially young, athletic people
,-conduction system changes such as prolonged QT syndrome and
wolff-parkinson white syndrome
◉ -what can cause a prolonged QT interval?
-what can happen to the pt if QT stays prolonged?. Answer: -some
meds can cause a prolonged QT interval: antipsychotics, zofran,
antibiotics
-when QT is prolonged may go into torsades/polymorphic vtach
◉ treatment for torsades. Answer: magnesium
◉ SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
treatment (5). Answer: -ACLS
-pts may wear monitor or loop recorder, wearable cardioveter-
defibrillator bridge to ICD
-ICD can prevent recurrence and improve survivial
-teach CPR and AED use
-emotional support: it can be hard for someone knowing they are at
risk bc they feel like a ticking time bomb
◉ FROSTBITE
stages. Answer: 1: frost nip
-cold, sore, and painful
,-skin red and purple
2: superficial frostbite
-pins and needles
-patches of peeling skin
3: deep frostbite
-numbness
-hard, black skin forms
-affect muscle, bones, and tendons
◉ FROSTBITE
superficial frostbite treatment (5). Answer: -temp controlled water
that is circulating: 99-102
-debride blisters and apply sterile dressing
-rewarming is painful
-friction from blankets can cause friction to tissues
-analgesia and tetnas prophylaxis
◉ FROSTBITE
deep frostbite (5). Answer: -involves muscle, bone, and tendons
, -significant edema in 3 hours: elevate, IV pain meds and NSAIDS --
measure how tight and how much extremities are expanding
-assess for systemic hypothermia
-prophylactic antibiotics and hyperbarics
-may need amputation
◉ HYPOTHERMIA is defined by.... Answer: core temp below 95
degrees
◉ HYPOTHERMIA
s/sx (8). Answer: mild, moderate, severe - sx range depending on
severity
-AMS
-intense shivering
-areflexia
-hypotension
-cyanosis
-dysrhythmias/weak pulse
-fixed dilated pupils
-hypoventilation (may need to be intubated)
◉ HYPOTHERMIA
2026 FULL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
causes (3). Answer: lethal dysrhythmias -- make sure you look at the
pt rather than the monitor, bc may have a rhythm but no pulse
-vfib
-pulseless vtach
-PEA
◉ SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
causes of PEA. Answer: shock/hypovolemic shock
-bc you don't have anything to pump
-electrical system may be fine, but you'll have muscle failure around
the heart and nothing to pump
◉ SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
who's at risk (4). Answer: -prior MI
-left ventricular dysfunction (EF < 30%)
-structural heart disease (hypertrophic, cardiomyopathy) -
especially young, athletic people
,-conduction system changes such as prolonged QT syndrome and
wolff-parkinson white syndrome
◉ -what can cause a prolonged QT interval?
-what can happen to the pt if QT stays prolonged?. Answer: -some
meds can cause a prolonged QT interval: antipsychotics, zofran,
antibiotics
-when QT is prolonged may go into torsades/polymorphic vtach
◉ treatment for torsades. Answer: magnesium
◉ SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
treatment (5). Answer: -ACLS
-pts may wear monitor or loop recorder, wearable cardioveter-
defibrillator bridge to ICD
-ICD can prevent recurrence and improve survivial
-teach CPR and AED use
-emotional support: it can be hard for someone knowing they are at
risk bc they feel like a ticking time bomb
◉ FROSTBITE
stages. Answer: 1: frost nip
-cold, sore, and painful
,-skin red and purple
2: superficial frostbite
-pins and needles
-patches of peeling skin
3: deep frostbite
-numbness
-hard, black skin forms
-affect muscle, bones, and tendons
◉ FROSTBITE
superficial frostbite treatment (5). Answer: -temp controlled water
that is circulating: 99-102
-debride blisters and apply sterile dressing
-rewarming is painful
-friction from blankets can cause friction to tissues
-analgesia and tetnas prophylaxis
◉ FROSTBITE
deep frostbite (5). Answer: -involves muscle, bone, and tendons
, -significant edema in 3 hours: elevate, IV pain meds and NSAIDS --
measure how tight and how much extremities are expanding
-assess for systemic hypothermia
-prophylactic antibiotics and hyperbarics
-may need amputation
◉ HYPOTHERMIA is defined by.... Answer: core temp below 95
degrees
◉ HYPOTHERMIA
s/sx (8). Answer: mild, moderate, severe - sx range depending on
severity
-AMS
-intense shivering
-areflexia
-hypotension
-cyanosis
-dysrhythmias/weak pulse
-fixed dilated pupils
-hypoventilation (may need to be intubated)
◉ HYPOTHERMIA
