Dental Hygiene Exam Questions and Answers Grade A+
Gingiva - Answer--Provides a seal around the cervical portion (neck) of the tooth
-Holds the tissue against tooth during mastication
Periodontal ligament - Answer-Suspends and maintains tooth in its socket
Cementum - Answer-= Anchors the ends of the periodontal
ligament fibers to the tooth so that the
tooth stays in its socket
- Protect the dentin of the root
Alveolar bone - Answer-Surrounds and supports the roots of the tooth
Gingival sulcus (pocket) - Answer-the space between
the free gingiva and the tooth surface
Junctional epithelium - Answer-forms the base of the sulcus and joins the gingiva
to the tooth surface
Gingivitis - Answer-• Bacterial infection of
gingiva
• Damage to gingival
tissue
• Reversible
Characteristics of Healthy Periodontium - Answer-Clinical:
Pink, Firm, No bleeding
Histological:
Healthy Sulcus- JE coronal to CEJ
- Supragingival fibers intact
,- Alveolar bone intact
- Periodontal ligament intact
Clinical appearance of gingiva
- Colour - Answer-o Healthy: pale -
pink
o Disease: dark or bright red or bluish red
Clinical appearance of gingiva:
- Contour (shape) - Answer-o Healthy
• margin knife-edged
• Interdental papillae (IP) -
pointed
o Disease
• Margin rounded, rolled
• IP - blunted, flattened, bulbous, cratered
Clinical appearance of gingiva:
- Consistency - Answer-o Healthy - firm
o Disease - soft, spongy
Clinical appearance of gingiva:
- Texture - Answer-o Healthy - stippling
o Disease
• loss of stippling
• smooth, shiny surfaces
Clinical appearance of gingiva:
,- Bleeding on Probing - Answer-o Clinical examination
o Healthy - not present
o Disease
• bleeding present
• sign of gingival
inflammation/disease
Bleeding on dental probing - Answer-Early sign of gingival inflammation
• Precedes colour changes, enlargement of gingival
tissues
• Principle - healthy tissue does not bleed
Gingival Stippling - Answer-The surface of the attached gingva may have a dimpled
appearance known as gingival stippling
** Wipe soft tissue with gauze
Characteristics of Gingivitis - Answer-Clinical:
Red, Swollen, Bleeding likely
Histological:
Gingival pocket-> JE at CEJ
- Supragingival fiber destruction
- Alveolar bone intact
- Periodontal ligament intact
Interdental gingiva - Answer-- the interdental tissue fills the area between two
adjacent teeth.
Gingival Bleeding Indices
, - 1) Indices: - Answer-- Purpose to record presence or absence of gingival
inflammation as determined by bleeding from interproximal gingival sulcus
1)
- Ginigval bleeding Index (GBI)
o Use floss
- Eastman interdental bleeding index (EIBI)
o Wooden interdental cleaners
- Gingival Index
o Mouth mirror and periodontal probe
Gingival Inflammation
- Descriptive terms - Answer-- "Localized marginal inflammation in the mandibular
anterior sextant"
- "Localized papillary inflammation on the maxillary right canine"
- "Generalized marginal inflammation"
- "Generalized diffuse inflammation"
Gingival Inflammation
- Extent terms:
Localized - Answer-Inflammation confined to the tissue of a single tooth or a
group of teeth
Gingival Inflammation
- Extent terms:
*Generalized - Answer-Inflammation of the gingival tissue of all or most of the
mouth
Gingiva - Answer--Provides a seal around the cervical portion (neck) of the tooth
-Holds the tissue against tooth during mastication
Periodontal ligament - Answer-Suspends and maintains tooth in its socket
Cementum - Answer-= Anchors the ends of the periodontal
ligament fibers to the tooth so that the
tooth stays in its socket
- Protect the dentin of the root
Alveolar bone - Answer-Surrounds and supports the roots of the tooth
Gingival sulcus (pocket) - Answer-the space between
the free gingiva and the tooth surface
Junctional epithelium - Answer-forms the base of the sulcus and joins the gingiva
to the tooth surface
Gingivitis - Answer-• Bacterial infection of
gingiva
• Damage to gingival
tissue
• Reversible
Characteristics of Healthy Periodontium - Answer-Clinical:
Pink, Firm, No bleeding
Histological:
Healthy Sulcus- JE coronal to CEJ
- Supragingival fibers intact
,- Alveolar bone intact
- Periodontal ligament intact
Clinical appearance of gingiva
- Colour - Answer-o Healthy: pale -
pink
o Disease: dark or bright red or bluish red
Clinical appearance of gingiva:
- Contour (shape) - Answer-o Healthy
• margin knife-edged
• Interdental papillae (IP) -
pointed
o Disease
• Margin rounded, rolled
• IP - blunted, flattened, bulbous, cratered
Clinical appearance of gingiva:
- Consistency - Answer-o Healthy - firm
o Disease - soft, spongy
Clinical appearance of gingiva:
- Texture - Answer-o Healthy - stippling
o Disease
• loss of stippling
• smooth, shiny surfaces
Clinical appearance of gingiva:
,- Bleeding on Probing - Answer-o Clinical examination
o Healthy - not present
o Disease
• bleeding present
• sign of gingival
inflammation/disease
Bleeding on dental probing - Answer-Early sign of gingival inflammation
• Precedes colour changes, enlargement of gingival
tissues
• Principle - healthy tissue does not bleed
Gingival Stippling - Answer-The surface of the attached gingva may have a dimpled
appearance known as gingival stippling
** Wipe soft tissue with gauze
Characteristics of Gingivitis - Answer-Clinical:
Red, Swollen, Bleeding likely
Histological:
Gingival pocket-> JE at CEJ
- Supragingival fiber destruction
- Alveolar bone intact
- Periodontal ligament intact
Interdental gingiva - Answer-- the interdental tissue fills the area between two
adjacent teeth.
Gingival Bleeding Indices
, - 1) Indices: - Answer-- Purpose to record presence or absence of gingival
inflammation as determined by bleeding from interproximal gingival sulcus
1)
- Ginigval bleeding Index (GBI)
o Use floss
- Eastman interdental bleeding index (EIBI)
o Wooden interdental cleaners
- Gingival Index
o Mouth mirror and periodontal probe
Gingival Inflammation
- Descriptive terms - Answer-- "Localized marginal inflammation in the mandibular
anterior sextant"
- "Localized papillary inflammation on the maxillary right canine"
- "Generalized marginal inflammation"
- "Generalized diffuse inflammation"
Gingival Inflammation
- Extent terms:
Localized - Answer-Inflammation confined to the tissue of a single tooth or a
group of teeth
Gingival Inflammation
- Extent terms:
*Generalized - Answer-Inflammation of the gingival tissue of all or most of the
mouth
