NYSTCE Childhood Literacy 221 Exam
Questions and Answers
Second language acquisition - ANSWER-Make all instruction as easy to understand as
possible; Relate instruction to culture of ESL children; Increase interactive activities use
gestures when modeling
Vocabulary - ANSWER-The more vocab a student knows the higher their
comprehension
Print and book awareness - ANSWER-See connection between words and meaning
Learn that reading/writing are ways to obtain info and communicate ideas Learn the
features of text ie read left to right space etc etc
Print rich environment - ANSWER-Display a variety of print in classroom use graphic
organizers (and display) use big books (to point out print)
Oral and written language development - ANSWER-Develop at same time acquision of
skills support each other Oral - develops in context of social setting Written - doesn't
need formal teaching if exposed to print rich environment
Letters - ANSWER-Before learning to read/write know that letters have distinct
appearance sound name
Language skill development - ANSWER-Learn through interacting with others and
experiencing language in context Promote language development by modeling enriched
vocab Use questions and examples to extend descriptive language skills Promote
ample response time Ask for clarification Promote conversations Provide feedback so
they know they've been heard
Fluency - ANSWER-Read accurately and quickly increase fluency by providing many
reading opportunities
Phonics - ANSWER-Learning to read by learning how spoken language is represented
by letters. Learn to read phonetically - sound out phonemes
Decoding - ANSWER-Method/strategy to make sense of printed words and correctly
pronounce them
Alphabetic principle - ANSWER-Use of letters and combos of letters to represent
speech sounds
, Teaching phonological awareness - ANSWER-- clapping to sounds of words names all
words in sentences - practice saying blended phonemes - singing songs that involve
phoneme replacement - reading variety of texts (includes patterned and predictable
alliterative) out loud - listening to enviornmental sounds/following directions - games
with rhyming chants fingerplays - group objects by beginning sound
Onset sounds - ANSWER-Sounds at beginning of words
Phonemes - ANSWER-Sounds represented by letters in alphabet
Phonological awareness - ANSWER-Ability to perceive sound structures in spoken word
syllables and individual phonemes within syllables
Literacy - ANSWER-Ability to read and write
Paragraph coherence - ANSWER-Link sentences by: - repetition of key words -
substitution of pronouns - substitution of synonyms (don't want to sound too redundant)
Journal writing - ANSWER-Give student practice with writing shouldn't be graded offer
encouraging comments
Beginning stages of learning how to write - ANSWER-- drawing pictures - scribble stage
- children have most interest in own name - learn alphabet and associating a sound with
each letter still reversing letters - correct beginning/ending letters/sounds - phonetic
spelling
Order of interest - ANSWER-Dependent on level of interest audience has in subject
Order of importance - ANSWER-Relies on ranking determined by priorities
Order defined by genre - ANSWER-Predetermined by professional guidelines ie order
of research/lab report
Chronological order - ANSWER-Order follows a sequence
Hierarchical order - ANSWER-Ranking of material from most to least important or vice
versa
Logical order - ANSWER-Coherent pattern in presentation of info
Purposes of writing - ANSWER-1. To tell a story
2. To express oneself (ie blog or diary)
3. Convey info (ie reports) 4. Make an argument
5. Explore ideas
Questions and Answers
Second language acquisition - ANSWER-Make all instruction as easy to understand as
possible; Relate instruction to culture of ESL children; Increase interactive activities use
gestures when modeling
Vocabulary - ANSWER-The more vocab a student knows the higher their
comprehension
Print and book awareness - ANSWER-See connection between words and meaning
Learn that reading/writing are ways to obtain info and communicate ideas Learn the
features of text ie read left to right space etc etc
Print rich environment - ANSWER-Display a variety of print in classroom use graphic
organizers (and display) use big books (to point out print)
Oral and written language development - ANSWER-Develop at same time acquision of
skills support each other Oral - develops in context of social setting Written - doesn't
need formal teaching if exposed to print rich environment
Letters - ANSWER-Before learning to read/write know that letters have distinct
appearance sound name
Language skill development - ANSWER-Learn through interacting with others and
experiencing language in context Promote language development by modeling enriched
vocab Use questions and examples to extend descriptive language skills Promote
ample response time Ask for clarification Promote conversations Provide feedback so
they know they've been heard
Fluency - ANSWER-Read accurately and quickly increase fluency by providing many
reading opportunities
Phonics - ANSWER-Learning to read by learning how spoken language is represented
by letters. Learn to read phonetically - sound out phonemes
Decoding - ANSWER-Method/strategy to make sense of printed words and correctly
pronounce them
Alphabetic principle - ANSWER-Use of letters and combos of letters to represent
speech sounds
, Teaching phonological awareness - ANSWER-- clapping to sounds of words names all
words in sentences - practice saying blended phonemes - singing songs that involve
phoneme replacement - reading variety of texts (includes patterned and predictable
alliterative) out loud - listening to enviornmental sounds/following directions - games
with rhyming chants fingerplays - group objects by beginning sound
Onset sounds - ANSWER-Sounds at beginning of words
Phonemes - ANSWER-Sounds represented by letters in alphabet
Phonological awareness - ANSWER-Ability to perceive sound structures in spoken word
syllables and individual phonemes within syllables
Literacy - ANSWER-Ability to read and write
Paragraph coherence - ANSWER-Link sentences by: - repetition of key words -
substitution of pronouns - substitution of synonyms (don't want to sound too redundant)
Journal writing - ANSWER-Give student practice with writing shouldn't be graded offer
encouraging comments
Beginning stages of learning how to write - ANSWER-- drawing pictures - scribble stage
- children have most interest in own name - learn alphabet and associating a sound with
each letter still reversing letters - correct beginning/ending letters/sounds - phonetic
spelling
Order of interest - ANSWER-Dependent on level of interest audience has in subject
Order of importance - ANSWER-Relies on ranking determined by priorities
Order defined by genre - ANSWER-Predetermined by professional guidelines ie order
of research/lab report
Chronological order - ANSWER-Order follows a sequence
Hierarchical order - ANSWER-Ranking of material from most to least important or vice
versa
Logical order - ANSWER-Coherent pattern in presentation of info
Purposes of writing - ANSWER-1. To tell a story
2. To express oneself (ie blog or diary)
3. Convey info (ie reports) 4. Make an argument
5. Explore ideas
