CHAPTER 23
American Corrections: Looking Forward
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What sets the U.S. corrections system apart for those elsewhere in the world is:
a. how innovative it is.
b. how advanced it is.
c. how big it is.
d. how modern it is.
ANS: C REF: 602 OBJ: 1,2
2. The number of people under correctional control currently totals over:
a. 2 million.
b. 4 million.
c. 7 million.
d. 9 million.
ANS: C REF: 603 OBJ: 2
3. Most of those in charge of today’s corrections system would argue that what we are doing
is:
a. effective.
b. self-destructive.
c. fair.
d. reasonable.
ANS: B REF: 603 OBJ: 1,2
4. Corrections lacks a clear:
a. mission.
b. method.
c. structure.
d. approach.
ANS: A REF: 604 OBJ: 2
5. In the 1960s, most people agreed that the primary mission of corrections was:
a. retribution.
b. rehabilitation.
c. incapacitation.
d. deterrence.
ANS: B REF: 604 OBJ: 1
1
, 6. Correctional techniques often:
a. have a high rate of success.
b. work effectively.
c. do not seem to work.
d. enjoy wide public support.
ANS: C REF: 605 OBJ: 2
7. The most experienced correctional workers have seen highly praised programs:
a. gain widespread support.
b. achieve great ends.
c. come and go.
d. fail to be implemented.
ANS: C REF: 606 OBJ: 2
8. The most stringent correctional methods are applied __________ in practice.
a. fairly
b. disproportionately
c. sparingly
d. liberally
ANS: B REF: 606 OBJ: 2
9. The history of corrections has taught us that we often __________ the people we try to
help.
a. cure
b. reach
c. neglect
d. injure
ANS: D REF: 606 OBJ: 1,2
10. A structural problem with corrections is that the system depends on significant factors:
a. outside of its control.
b. that conflict with one another.
c. that cannot be administered fairly.
d. outside budget capabilities.
ANS: A REF: 606 OBJ: 2
11. A recent trend that aims to improve agency coordination is:
a. mission clarity.
b. partnerships.
c. restructuring.
d. method clarity.
ANS: B REF: 607 OBJ: 1,2
2
,12. Corrections’ main resource is:
a. money.
b. power.
c. personnel.
d. law.
ANS: C REF: 607 OBJ: 1,3
13. The organizational culture of many correctional operations is:
a. animosity toward management.
b. animosity toward clients.
c. animosity toward the public.
d. animosity toward one another.
ANS: A REF: 608 OBJ: 1
14. What initially seemed to be a problem of how much space is available really reflects a
problem of how available space is:
a. paid for.
b. designed.
c. used.
d. wasted.
ANS: C REF: 606 OBJ: 2
15. A potential threat to administrators’ ability to manage the correctional system is:
a. cost.
b. privatization.
c. personnel.
d. a schizophrenic public.
ANS: B REF: 609 OBJ: 3
16. A constitutional and traditional bulwark of our government is:
a. harsh punishment.
b. the separation of powers.
c. disproportionality.
d. interagency cooperation.
ANS: B REF: 606 OBJ: 2
17. The authors contend that the field of corrections will get nowhere without:
a. ample resources.
b. effective methodologies.
c. effective leadership.
d. a new vision.
ANS: C REF: 609 OBJ: 3
3
, 18. Leadership studies suggest that:
a. good leaders can handle any situation.
b. great leaders are born not made.
c. Winston Churchill is the ideal leader.
d. skills must fit the situation.
ANS: D REF: 609 OBJ: 3
19. Most correctional administrators find that their greatest frustrations lie in:
a. budgetary constraints.
b. legal constraints.
c. lack of interagency partnerships.
d. lack of a clear mission.
ANS: C REF: 607 OBJ: 3
20. In recent years there has been a dramatic growth in what type of studies?
a. leadership effectiveness
b. program effectiveness
c. prison effectiveness
d. vision effectiveness
ANS: B REF: 610 OBJ: 1
21. Compared to the 1970s, those who go to prison serve sentences that are:
a. nearly twice as short.
b. nearly twice as long.
c. nearly identical.
d. incomparable.
ANS: B REF: 611 OBJ: 1
22. The social costs of the growth of the penal system have been borne most substantially by:
a. working-class families.
b. suburban communities.
c. men.
d. minority communities.
ANS: D REF: 612 OBJ: 2
23. The crime rate today is about what it was in:
a. 1953.
b. 1963.
c. 1973.
d. 1993.
ANS: C REF: 609 OBJ: 1
4
American Corrections: Looking Forward
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What sets the U.S. corrections system apart for those elsewhere in the world is:
a. how innovative it is.
b. how advanced it is.
c. how big it is.
d. how modern it is.
ANS: C REF: 602 OBJ: 1,2
2. The number of people under correctional control currently totals over:
a. 2 million.
b. 4 million.
c. 7 million.
d. 9 million.
ANS: C REF: 603 OBJ: 2
3. Most of those in charge of today’s corrections system would argue that what we are doing
is:
a. effective.
b. self-destructive.
c. fair.
d. reasonable.
ANS: B REF: 603 OBJ: 1,2
4. Corrections lacks a clear:
a. mission.
b. method.
c. structure.
d. approach.
ANS: A REF: 604 OBJ: 2
5. In the 1960s, most people agreed that the primary mission of corrections was:
a. retribution.
b. rehabilitation.
c. incapacitation.
d. deterrence.
ANS: B REF: 604 OBJ: 1
1
, 6. Correctional techniques often:
a. have a high rate of success.
b. work effectively.
c. do not seem to work.
d. enjoy wide public support.
ANS: C REF: 605 OBJ: 2
7. The most experienced correctional workers have seen highly praised programs:
a. gain widespread support.
b. achieve great ends.
c. come and go.
d. fail to be implemented.
ANS: C REF: 606 OBJ: 2
8. The most stringent correctional methods are applied __________ in practice.
a. fairly
b. disproportionately
c. sparingly
d. liberally
ANS: B REF: 606 OBJ: 2
9. The history of corrections has taught us that we often __________ the people we try to
help.
a. cure
b. reach
c. neglect
d. injure
ANS: D REF: 606 OBJ: 1,2
10. A structural problem with corrections is that the system depends on significant factors:
a. outside of its control.
b. that conflict with one another.
c. that cannot be administered fairly.
d. outside budget capabilities.
ANS: A REF: 606 OBJ: 2
11. A recent trend that aims to improve agency coordination is:
a. mission clarity.
b. partnerships.
c. restructuring.
d. method clarity.
ANS: B REF: 607 OBJ: 1,2
2
,12. Corrections’ main resource is:
a. money.
b. power.
c. personnel.
d. law.
ANS: C REF: 607 OBJ: 1,3
13. The organizational culture of many correctional operations is:
a. animosity toward management.
b. animosity toward clients.
c. animosity toward the public.
d. animosity toward one another.
ANS: A REF: 608 OBJ: 1
14. What initially seemed to be a problem of how much space is available really reflects a
problem of how available space is:
a. paid for.
b. designed.
c. used.
d. wasted.
ANS: C REF: 606 OBJ: 2
15. A potential threat to administrators’ ability to manage the correctional system is:
a. cost.
b. privatization.
c. personnel.
d. a schizophrenic public.
ANS: B REF: 609 OBJ: 3
16. A constitutional and traditional bulwark of our government is:
a. harsh punishment.
b. the separation of powers.
c. disproportionality.
d. interagency cooperation.
ANS: B REF: 606 OBJ: 2
17. The authors contend that the field of corrections will get nowhere without:
a. ample resources.
b. effective methodologies.
c. effective leadership.
d. a new vision.
ANS: C REF: 609 OBJ: 3
3
, 18. Leadership studies suggest that:
a. good leaders can handle any situation.
b. great leaders are born not made.
c. Winston Churchill is the ideal leader.
d. skills must fit the situation.
ANS: D REF: 609 OBJ: 3
19. Most correctional administrators find that their greatest frustrations lie in:
a. budgetary constraints.
b. legal constraints.
c. lack of interagency partnerships.
d. lack of a clear mission.
ANS: C REF: 607 OBJ: 3
20. In recent years there has been a dramatic growth in what type of studies?
a. leadership effectiveness
b. program effectiveness
c. prison effectiveness
d. vision effectiveness
ANS: B REF: 610 OBJ: 1
21. Compared to the 1970s, those who go to prison serve sentences that are:
a. nearly twice as short.
b. nearly twice as long.
c. nearly identical.
d. incomparable.
ANS: B REF: 611 OBJ: 1
22. The social costs of the growth of the penal system have been borne most substantially by:
a. working-class families.
b. suburban communities.
c. men.
d. minority communities.
ANS: D REF: 612 OBJ: 2
23. The crime rate today is about what it was in:
a. 1953.
b. 1963.
c. 1973.
d. 1993.
ANS: C REF: 609 OBJ: 1
4
