PSYC 102 Exam 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
1. What is learning?: relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience.
2. What is conditioning?: process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral
Responses
3. What is classical conditioning? You should be familiar with Pavlov and condi-
tioning experiments with dogs. What is the difference between classical and operant
conditioning?: Classical conditioning is the basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral
stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response.
Pavlov dog (UCS Food) stimulus that naturally triggers a
response. (UCR Salivation) a naturally occurring response to the
UCS (food).
(NS Sound) a stimulus that has not been paired with the UCS and elicits no response (Sound).
After
(CS Sound) a previously neutral stimulus (NS) that is paired with the UCS and as a result, triggers a conditioned respons
(CR) Sound
(CR Salivation) a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (NR), but now a conditioned stimulus (CS) Salivation
,The ditterence with Classical and Operant is, explains how certain stimuli can trigger an automatic response. While is
useful in understanding how new, voluntary actions are acquired.
4. What is the unconditioned stimulus?: Natural stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without the
Need for prior learning
5. What is the unconditioned response?: unlearned, reflexive response that is elicited by an uncon-
ditioned stimulus.
6. What is the neutral stimulus?: does not naturally produce a response.
7. What is a conditioned stimulus?: formerly neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to elicit a reflexive
Response.
8. What is a conditioned response?: learned, reflexive response to a conditioned stimulus
, 9. What factors influence whether conditioning will occur?: Timing: Conditioning is most
ettective when the conditioned stimulus is presented immediately before the unconditioned stimulus. The more
frequently the pairing of the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus occurs results in a stronger association between
the two.
10. Be able to describe stimulus generalization and discrimination.: Stimulus gener-
alization: occurence of a learned response not only to the original stimulus but to other, similar stimuli as well (EX your
Dog may get excited when you shake a box of dog treats and do the same when you shake a bag of cat food). Stimulus
discrimination: the occurrence of a learned response to a specific stimulus but not to other similar stimuli (EX your dog
eventually stops getting excited when you shake the cat food bag).
11. What is higher order conditioning?: Is a type of conditioning emphasized by Ivan Pavlov. It involves
The modification of reaction to a neutral stimulus associated with a conditioned stimulus that was formerly neutral. ...
This indicates that the stimulus can be changed and that salivation will still occur.
12. What is extinction?: (in classical conditioning) a gradual weakening and apparent disappearance of
Conditioned behavior. Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned
stimulus.
13. What is spontaneous recovery?: the reappearance of a learned response after extinction has
Occurred.
14. What is the law of effect?: Responses followed by a satisfying ettect become strengthened and are
more likely to recur in a particular situation. Responses followed by a dissatisfying ettect are weakened and less likely
to recur in a particular situation.
15. What is operant conditioning?: The basic learning process that involves changing the probability
That a response will be repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response.
16. What is reinforcement and punishment?: Reinforcement: occurs when a stimulus or an event
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
1. What is learning?: relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience.
2. What is conditioning?: process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral
Responses
3. What is classical conditioning? You should be familiar with Pavlov and condi-
tioning experiments with dogs. What is the difference between classical and operant
conditioning?: Classical conditioning is the basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral
stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response.
Pavlov dog (UCS Food) stimulus that naturally triggers a
response. (UCR Salivation) a naturally occurring response to the
UCS (food).
(NS Sound) a stimulus that has not been paired with the UCS and elicits no response (Sound).
After
(CS Sound) a previously neutral stimulus (NS) that is paired with the UCS and as a result, triggers a conditioned respons
(CR) Sound
(CR Salivation) a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (NR), but now a conditioned stimulus (CS) Salivation
,The ditterence with Classical and Operant is, explains how certain stimuli can trigger an automatic response. While is
useful in understanding how new, voluntary actions are acquired.
4. What is the unconditioned stimulus?: Natural stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without the
Need for prior learning
5. What is the unconditioned response?: unlearned, reflexive response that is elicited by an uncon-
ditioned stimulus.
6. What is the neutral stimulus?: does not naturally produce a response.
7. What is a conditioned stimulus?: formerly neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to elicit a reflexive
Response.
8. What is a conditioned response?: learned, reflexive response to a conditioned stimulus
, 9. What factors influence whether conditioning will occur?: Timing: Conditioning is most
ettective when the conditioned stimulus is presented immediately before the unconditioned stimulus. The more
frequently the pairing of the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus occurs results in a stronger association between
the two.
10. Be able to describe stimulus generalization and discrimination.: Stimulus gener-
alization: occurence of a learned response not only to the original stimulus but to other, similar stimuli as well (EX your
Dog may get excited when you shake a box of dog treats and do the same when you shake a bag of cat food). Stimulus
discrimination: the occurrence of a learned response to a specific stimulus but not to other similar stimuli (EX your dog
eventually stops getting excited when you shake the cat food bag).
11. What is higher order conditioning?: Is a type of conditioning emphasized by Ivan Pavlov. It involves
The modification of reaction to a neutral stimulus associated with a conditioned stimulus that was formerly neutral. ...
This indicates that the stimulus can be changed and that salivation will still occur.
12. What is extinction?: (in classical conditioning) a gradual weakening and apparent disappearance of
Conditioned behavior. Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned
stimulus.
13. What is spontaneous recovery?: the reappearance of a learned response after extinction has
Occurred.
14. What is the law of effect?: Responses followed by a satisfying ettect become strengthened and are
more likely to recur in a particular situation. Responses followed by a dissatisfying ettect are weakened and less likely
to recur in a particular situation.
15. What is operant conditioning?: The basic learning process that involves changing the probability
That a response will be repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response.
16. What is reinforcement and punishment?: Reinforcement: occurs when a stimulus or an event
