FNDH 400 EXAM 1 | 221 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
Carbohydrates are made of Answer - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins are made of Answer - Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Lipids include Answer - fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
Lipids are made of Answer - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Macronutrients definition Answer - Nutrients needed in large amounts
Micronutrients definition Answer - Nutrients needed in smaller amounts but
still important
What are the macronutrients? Answer - Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
What are the micronutrients? Answer - Vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin Answer - COMPOUNDS essential for normal physiological
processes
What is a mineral Answer - ELEMENTS essential for normal physiological
processes in the body
,What is a calorie? Answer - Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C
How are kcals determined Answer - A food is put into a bomb calorimeter and
the energy output is determined by the heat produced
Kcal/g of the nutrients Answer - Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
Phytochemical definition Answer - Compounds found in plants that are
believed to provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer risk (esp.
prostate) Answer - Lycopene
Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in chronic
diseases. Answer - fruits and vegetables
Zoochemicals Answer - Compounds found in animals that are believed to
provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals Answer - Lutein and
Zeaxanthin - yellow carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or found in
egg yolk
,Functional food defintion Answer - A food, or food ingredient, that may
provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains
Scientific method Answer -
3 types of studies Answer - Cross-sectional: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospective cohort: future
Cross-sectional study Answer - Compare different populations at the same
point in time
Example of a cross-sectional study Answer - French paradox. Despite
consuming same amount of cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower
death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to research into resveratol (red
wine)
Ecologic fallacy Answer - Believing that members of the group have
characteristcs, which as individuals they do not
Case control study Answer - Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospective
Often uses food frequency questionnaires
Prospective Cohort study Answer - Initial information on a group collected
(food frequency questionnaire) and then group is followed over time to
quantify health outcomes of the individual
, Framingham Heart Study Answer - Started in 1948
Following residents to identify risk factors for heart disease
Nurses Health Study Answer - Started in 1976
Every 4 years, 122k nurses are given food frequency questionnaires
Health Professionals Follow up study Answer - Started in 1986
51K male health professionals
Every 4 years, food frequency questionnaires
From the Health Professionals Follow Up study, what was determined Answer -
Tomato sauce, tomatoes, pizza, and strawberries had decreased incidence of
prostate cancer
What did the foods have in common from the Health Professionals Follow Up
Study? Answer - Tomato --> Lycopene
Strawberries --> Anthocyanins
In vitro research Answer - Simplest form of nutrition research
Means "within glass"
Cell culture
In vivo research Answer - Animal study
often mice and Rats
Pros/Cons of in vivo research Answer - Pros
Can do tests that are considered unethical for humans
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
Carbohydrates are made of Answer - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins are made of Answer - Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Lipids include Answer - fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
Lipids are made of Answer - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Macronutrients definition Answer - Nutrients needed in large amounts
Micronutrients definition Answer - Nutrients needed in smaller amounts but
still important
What are the macronutrients? Answer - Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
What are the micronutrients? Answer - Vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin Answer - COMPOUNDS essential for normal physiological
processes
What is a mineral Answer - ELEMENTS essential for normal physiological
processes in the body
,What is a calorie? Answer - Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C
How are kcals determined Answer - A food is put into a bomb calorimeter and
the energy output is determined by the heat produced
Kcal/g of the nutrients Answer - Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
Phytochemical definition Answer - Compounds found in plants that are
believed to provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer risk (esp.
prostate) Answer - Lycopene
Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in chronic
diseases. Answer - fruits and vegetables
Zoochemicals Answer - Compounds found in animals that are believed to
provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals Answer - Lutein and
Zeaxanthin - yellow carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or found in
egg yolk
,Functional food defintion Answer - A food, or food ingredient, that may
provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains
Scientific method Answer -
3 types of studies Answer - Cross-sectional: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospective cohort: future
Cross-sectional study Answer - Compare different populations at the same
point in time
Example of a cross-sectional study Answer - French paradox. Despite
consuming same amount of cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower
death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to research into resveratol (red
wine)
Ecologic fallacy Answer - Believing that members of the group have
characteristcs, which as individuals they do not
Case control study Answer - Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospective
Often uses food frequency questionnaires
Prospective Cohort study Answer - Initial information on a group collected
(food frequency questionnaire) and then group is followed over time to
quantify health outcomes of the individual
, Framingham Heart Study Answer - Started in 1948
Following residents to identify risk factors for heart disease
Nurses Health Study Answer - Started in 1976
Every 4 years, 122k nurses are given food frequency questionnaires
Health Professionals Follow up study Answer - Started in 1986
51K male health professionals
Every 4 years, food frequency questionnaires
From the Health Professionals Follow Up study, what was determined Answer -
Tomato sauce, tomatoes, pizza, and strawberries had decreased incidence of
prostate cancer
What did the foods have in common from the Health Professionals Follow Up
Study? Answer - Tomato --> Lycopene
Strawberries --> Anthocyanins
In vitro research Answer - Simplest form of nutrition research
Means "within glass"
Cell culture
In vivo research Answer - Animal study
often mice and Rats
Pros/Cons of in vivo research Answer - Pros
Can do tests that are considered unethical for humans
